Charles G. Ward

Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-208, Poland;
e-mail: Charles.ward@gumed.edu.pl

Received: 18 May 2025; Revised: 02 July 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September 2025

The state of mitochondrial homeostasis, comprising the processes of mitochondrial biogenesis, selective removal of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), as well as signaling systems of mitochondrial metabolism regulation are analyzed in this review. Particular attention is paid to how the bioenergetic demands of tissues are modulated in viral SARS-CoV, hepatitis B, C infections and asthma.