Tag Archives: luteinizing hormone
Serum apelin and corin as biochemical markers of polycystic ovary syndrome
, , ,
1Al-Turath University, College of Pharmacy, Baghdad, Iraq;
2Department of Biotechnology, College of Science,
University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq;
3Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy,
Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq;
4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine,
Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
*e-mail: Nesreen.ahmed@nahrainuniv.edu.iq
Received: 13 January 2026; Revised: 05 March 2026;
Accepted: 29 May 2026; Available on-line: 18 June 2026
Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disease with reproductive dysfunction, intricate hormonal imbalance, elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and obesity in women of reproductive age. Apelin, an adipokine, and corin, a serine protease which activates natriuretic peptide as a cardiovascular regulator, could be involved in the connection between reproductive endocrine imbalance and cardiometabolic regulation in this condition. Objective. To determine apelin and corin levels in the blood of women with PCOS and to evaluate whether they can be useful biochemical predictors for characterizing the disease and stratifying risks. Methods. The case-control study was conducted on 60 women, comprising 30 patients with PCOS and 30 healthy age- and demographically-matched controls. The levels of serum apelin and corin were evaluated with ELISA, that of hormones, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and B12 were analyzed with the help of a Finecare analyser. Results. Much higher apelin and corin levels, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) level and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in the serum of PCOS patients compared to healthy group were detected. Conclusions. The analysis of ROC curves showed significantly positive relationship between hormonal disturbance and the levels of circulating apelin and corin, indicating their higher PCOS diagnostic accuracy compared to the traditional hormonal markers.
Dynamics of CD68 receptor expression in macrophages of the interstitial space of the rat testis under triptorelin prolonged administration
Ye. V. Stetsuk1*, V. I. Shepytko1, O. Ye. Akimov2,
N. V. Boruta1, M. V. Rud1, L. B. Pelypenko1, O. D. Lysachenko1,
O. V. Vilkhova1, T. A. Skotarenko1, O. V. Voloshyna1
1Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology,
Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine;
2Department of Pathophysiology, Poltava State Medical
University, Poltava, Ukraine;
*e-mail: Stetsuk78@gmail.com
Received: 18 May 2023; Revised: 01 June 2023;
Accepted: 05 June 2023; Available on-line: 20 June 2023
Testosterone, the production of which is stimulated by the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) has a remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect, and in conditions of testosterone deficiency tissue damage can occur due to excessive differentiation of macrophages into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the spread of CD68 receptors as the marker of inflammation on the cells in the interstitial space and testicular vessels under LH synthesis blockade with tryptorelin. Sexually mature white male rats were randomly divided into control (10 animals) and experimental (25 animals) groups. Animals in the experimental group were injected with a tryptorelin acetate solution (0.3 mg/kg). Immunochemical analysis of CD68+ expression was estimated at Olympus FV10i-LIV laser scanning confocal microscope using fluorescent labeling dye. It was shown that luteinizing hormone deprivation led to an increase in the distribution of the CD68 receptor in the interstitial space and in the testicular vessels from day 30 to 180 of the experiment, associated with the increase of inducible NO synthase activity in testis tissue.