A. F. Likhanov1, V. V. Schwartau2, N. V. Zaimenko3, N. P. Didyk3*,
O. V. Grygorieva3, I. P. Kharytonova3, O. I. Dziuba3,
O. V. Zakrasov3, M. Yu. Zhurba3, N. A. Pavliuchenko3
1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
3M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: nataliya_didyk@ukr.net
Received: 28 May 2024; Revised: 06 July 2024;
Accepted: 07 October 2024; Available on-line:28 October 2024
The formation of chimera is a well-known phenomenon in variegated ornamental and wild plants, but the biochemical peculiarities of this phenomenon are not well studied. The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative study of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning, the content of macro-, microelements, flavonoids and brassinosteroids in the variegated and green leaves of the periclinal chimera Cornus controversa plant grown in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Sampling was made during the period from June to October 2022. The content of photosynthetic pigments and brassinosteroids was measured spectrophotometrically, autofluorescence of leaf tissues was studied using an inverted microscope with a multi-channel fluorescence imaging system, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) – using GreenSeeker devices and fluorimeter, the level of macro- and microelements – using plasma emission spectrometer. Phenolic secondary metabolites were separated by HPTLC. To assess the protective capacity of flavonoids, a bioassay on the germination of radish seeds Raphanus in the presence of AlCl3 was used. It was shown that green leaves of C. controversa chimera, compared to variegated ones, had a twice as high NDVI index, maintained photosynthetic function longer in autumn, and had higher content of macronutrients (Mg, Ca and S) but lower concentration of toxic metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ti). Instead, variegated leaves accumulated more brassinosteroids and phenolic metabolites, which were found not only to reduce the toxic effect of aluminum but also to have a growth-stimulating effect on the roots of radish seedlings. Such specialization of green and variegated leaves may contribute to better plant chimeras adaptation to environmental pollution.
