Abdullah A. H. Al-Rubaye¹*, Walaa E. Jasim², Ahmed A. H. Mohsin²

¹Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq;
²Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq;
*e-mail: abdulla.abbas@stu.edu.iq

Received: 16 May 2024; Revised: 23 June 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September 2024

Insulin resistance is thought to be a key pathophysiologic indicator underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, its pathophysiology is complex and remains uncertain. Myokines such as myonectin and irisin produced by muscle tissue were shown to impact the sensitivity to insulin and could play an essential role in the etiology of insulin resistance. Apelin and Elabela are endogenous peptide ligands of the angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) that are actively involved in the control of lipid and glucose metabolism, implying a vital role in the management of metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes. In this review, the data on the level of myonectin, irisin, apelin-13 and Elabela in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analyzed.