Tag Archives: type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mitochondrial DNA copy number in leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease
Y. A. Saienko1,2*, D. S. Krasnenkov1, K. K. Midlovets1, V. V. Korcheva1,
Y. E. Rebrova1,3, D. D. Yepishyna1, B. M. Mankovsky1
1SI “D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy
of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv;
2SI “Center for Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Kyiv
3P.L. Shupyk National University of Health Care of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: ysaenko1981@gmail.com
Received: 04 April 2025; Revised: 23 April 2025;
Accepted: 25 April 2025; Available on-line: 12 May 2025
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) as one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction, in particular a reduction in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications, including nephropathy. The aim of this study was to determine the mtDNA-CN in peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with T2DM depending on the presence of CKD. A total of 109 individuals were examined, including 20 healthy controls and 89 patients with T2DM divided into groups based on the presence or absence of CKD. The mtDNA-CN in leukocytes was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Biochemical markers of T2DM and CKD were evaluated, non-parametric tests and correlation analysis were performed. No statistically significant differences in mtDNA-CN level were observed between patients with T2DM and CKD, patients with T2DM without CKD, and the control group (P > 0.05). No associations between mtDNA-CN and kidney function parameters were identified. The absence of mtDNA-CN alterations is assumed to contribute to the relatively satisfactory glycemic control in diabetic groups.
Edaravone reduces the markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neocortex of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and type 2 diabetes mellitus
V. L. Holubiev*, A. E. Lievykh, V. A. Tkachenko,
Yu. V. Kharchenko, V. I. Zhyliuk
Department of Pharmacology, Dnipro State Medical University, Dnipro, Ukraine;
*e-mail: 209@dmu.edu.ua
Received: 05 August 2024; Revised: 22 October 2024;
Accepted: 21 November 2024; Available on-line: 17 December 2024
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in a severe form. The aim of this study was to estimate the markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain of rats with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and T2DM after treatment with edaravone. T2DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide/streptozotocin, ICH – by stereotactic microinjection of bacterial collagenase. Rats were randomized into four groups: 1 – intact control; 2 – T2DM; 3 – T2DM+ICH; 4 – T2DM+ICH+edaravone 6 mg/kg/day. Edaravone (a drug to treat neural injury after acute cerebral ischemic stroke) was administered intraperitoneally for 10 days starting from the 60th day after diabetes mellitus induction and 30 min after ICH induction. Brain homogenates were assessed for the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). The levels of TNF-α and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured with ELISA. The increased content of 8-OHdG and TNF-α in brain homogenates of animals of T2DM group compared to the control was shown. It was revealed that in brain homogenates of animals of T2DM+ICH group the content of these markers significantly exceeds that for T2DM group, and in addition, an elevated AOPPs level was observed. Our results demonstrated that edaravone prevented the elevation of TNF-α level, reduced oxidative DNA damage by decreasing 8-OHdG content, and attenuated the formation of AGEs and AOPPs in the brains of experimental animals. These findings suggest that edaravone may have therapeutic potential in diabetic patients with acute ICH.
Potential of isothiocyanate sulforaphane from broccoli to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes: involvement of NRF2 regulatory pathway
M. V. Ivanochko1, M. M. Bayliak1, V. I. Lushchak1,2*
1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,
Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
2Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
*e-mail: volodymyr.lushchak@pnu.edu.ua
Received: 03 September 2024; Revised: 11 November 2024;
Accepted: 21 November 2024; Available on-line: 17 December 2024
Biologically active food components are now considered to be remedies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders of different etiology. The aim of this review was to analyze the current data on the application of isothiocyanate sulforaphane, found in broccoli and other cruciferous plants, for the treatment of T2DM, obesity, and their comorbidities with the presentation of established molecular, particularly dependent on NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and signaling mechanisms of therapeutic effects.
Myonectin, irisin, apelin-13 and Elabela hormones levels as biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus : a systematic review
Abdullah A. H. Al-Rubaye1*, Walaa E. Jasim2, Ahmed A. H. Mohsin2
1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq;
2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq;
*e-mail: abdulla.abbas@stu.edu.iq
Received: 16 May 2024; Revised: 23 June 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September 2024
Insulin resistance is thought to be a key pathophysiologic indicator underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, its pathophysiology is complex and remains uncertain. Myokines such as myonectin and irisin produced by muscle tissue were shown to impact the sensitivity to insulin and could play an essential role in the etiology of insulin resistance. Apelin and Elabela are endogenous peptide ligands of the angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) that are actively involved in the control of lipid and glucose metabolism, implying a vital role in the management of metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes. In this review, the data on the level of myonectin, irisin, apelin-13 and Elabela in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analyzed.