Tag Archives: cell signaling
Role of PARP and protein poly-ADP-ribosylation process in regulation of cell functions
V. R. Drel1, I. O. Shymanskyy2, N. О. Sybirna1, M. M. Veliky2
1Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine;
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: drelvictor@gmail.com; ishymansk@inbox.ru
This review focuses on the biological role of enzymes involved in posttranslational modification of proteins by their poly-ADP-ribosylation, a NAD-consuming process with an emerging key role in providing fundamental cell functions. To this end, detailed analysis of structural organization in relation to basic functions of the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the founding member of the PARP family, and other poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase isoforms is presented here. These include the current views on the role of PARP family enzymes and processes of poly-ADP-ribosylation of proteins in chromatin structure remodeling, DNA damage repair, regulation of gene expression, and integration of cellular signaling pathways. Considerable attention is paid to the involvement of PARP in cellular functions, particularly in cell division, intracellular transport of macromolcules, proteasomal protein degradation, immune response and caspase-independent necrotic pathways defined as necroptosis (programmed necrosis). In the light of the remarkable successes that have been reported for treating inflammatory disorders and cancer with different classes of PARPs inhibitors, we discuss the prospects of targeting PARPs with therapeutic purposes.
Role of plasminogen/plasmin in functional activity of blood cells
D. D. Zhernossekov, E. I. Yusova, T. V. Grinenko
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail:grinenko@biochem.kiev.ua
The article deals with the data concerning structural peculiarities of plasminogen/plasmin molecule, which define the specificity of intermolecular interactions and provide the variety of its biological functions. The main principles of the modern classification of plasminogen receptors and factors, which modulate their expression, have been presented. We have considered the mechanisms regulating both plasmin formation and activity on the surface of cells, fibrin and proteins of extracellular matrix. The data of previous investigators and our own results, concerning the influence of plasminogen/plasmin on platelet aggregation induced by different agonists, have been summarized. The participation of plasminogen/plasmin in atherogenesis and angiogenesis mediated by endotheliocyte receptors has been discussed. Special attention was given to plasminogen/plasmin pro-inflammatory function, which is realized by regulatory processes of activation, secretion, migration and apoptosis of monocytes and macrophages.