Tag Archives: adipocytes

Stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue as an alternative source of cellular material for regenerative medicine

A. S. Sultanova, O. Ya. Bespalova, O. Yu. Galkin

National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”;
e-mail: tmb@kpi.ua

Received: 06 August 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020

Adipose tissue is the most convenient source of cellular material for regenerative medicine as it can be obtained in significant quantities via cosmetic liposuction, lipoaspiration of subcutaneous fat or by excision of fat deposits. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes and cells, which are the part of the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF). Different cell populations can be isolated from SVF, among which the population of adipose tissue stem cells (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSC) is especially important for regenerative medicine. SVF can be obtained relatively easily from adipose tissue (adipose tissue is an alternative to bone marrow in terms of being a source of stem cells) and used to treat various pathologies. Recent studies show that SVF not only has a therapeutic effect similar to that of ADSC, but in some cases is even more effective. The article provides the analysis of the main methods of SVF obtainment, characteristics of SVF cellular composition, its potential for use in clinical medicine and its main advantages over other sources of cellular material, including­ ADSC cultured in vitro, for regenerative medicine.

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide for the treatment of mesenteric damage associated with fructose-induced malfunctions via inhibition of oxidative stress

O. Revenko1*, N. Zaichko2, J. Wallace3, O. Zayachkivska1

1Department of Physiology, Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine;
2Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry,
National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine;
3Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Canada;
*e-mail: wersus35@gmail.com

Received: 30 December 2019; Accepted: 27 March 2020

Remodeling of adipocytes in mesentery (AM) associated with nutritional overload from high fructose diet (HFD) is a source of several comorbidities. However, its pathogenesis is still unclear and there are no specific effective drugs for AM remodeling. Recently hydrogen sulfide (H2S) demonstrated potent cytoprotective actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of AM remodeling in rats fed HFD and with H2S pre-treatment. Adult male rats on standard diet (SD, control group) or HFD that underwent acute water-immersion restraint stress (WIS) were evaluated for subcellular AM adaptive responses by electron microscopy. The effects on AM of exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 5.6 mg/kg/day for 9 days) and the Н2S-releasing aspirin (ASA) derivative (H2S-ASA [ATB-340], 17.5 mg/kg/day) vs conventional ASA (10 mg/kg/day) vs vehicle were investigated. Serum glucose level, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and activities of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) were examined biochemically using spectrophotometry. In the HFD groups, treatment with NaHS protected AM, as mesenteric microvascular endothelial and sub-endothelial structures were observed vs the vehicle-treated group that had signs of endothelial dysfunction, AM damage and dysfunctional mitochondria. The effect of H2S-ASA was characterized by protection of AM against HFD and WIS-induced injury, with lower TBARS blood level and increased CSE and CBS activities. Carbohydrate overload for 4 weeks is sufficient to cause AM oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial changes. H2S plays an important role in mesenteric adipocyte cellular survival against HFD-induced oxidative stress by decreasing overproduction of TBARS and mitochondrial dysfunction. The use of H2S could lead to a novel approach for anti-obesity treatment.