Tag Archives: immunohistochemistry
Protein expression of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptors in young Iraqi women with breast cancer
K. A. Al-Hilali1*, R. Q. Aljawher2, S. A. Faris3
1Directorate of Education in Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq;
2College of Medicine University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq;
3College of Education for Pure Since- University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar, Iraq;
*e-mail: khadijaaziz711@gmail.com
Received: 13 April 2024; Revised: 24 June 2024;
Accepted: 07 October 2024; Available on-line: 28 October 2024
Breast cancer is currently evaluated by the presence of hormonal receptors in the tumor tissue, which are among the most important prognostic and predictive markers used at present. The current study was conducted in Thi-Qar Governorate (Iraq) on women aged 20-40 years who have breast cancer (BC), highlighting the spread of this disease among young groups. The expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor (Her2/neu) receptors in breast tissues using immunohistochemical analysis was estimated. Breast tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing breast surgery and biopsy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were divided into BC (80), and control (20) groups. The study found that protein expression of both ER and PR was positive in 87.5% and negative in 12.5%, Her2/neu positive in 60% and negative in 40% of BC samples. The subtypes identified were luminal A (58.75%), luminal B (31.25%), HER2-positive (6.25%), and triple-negative (3.75%) BC. The high percentage of luminal A molecular subtype of BC is considered a good prognosis and treatable by anti-hormonal therapy.
Plasminogen and its fragments in rat brain: a plausible role for astrocytes in angiostatin generation
A. A. Tykhomyrov1, V. S. Nedzvetsky2,3, C. A. Ağca3,
V. V. Korsa1, T. V. Grinenko1
1Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2Dnipropetrovsk National University, Dnipro, Ukraine;
3Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey;
e-mail: artem_tykhomyrov@ukr.net
The purpose of the present study was to examine the plasminogen localization and to detect levels of its fragments (angiostatins) in various regions of rat brain as well as to establish whether rat brain astrocytes could be involved in angiostatin production. It was shown immunohistochemically that plasminogen is distributed broadly in the various brain regions, with predominant expression in meningeal layer and IV, V, and VI layers or cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, meningeal and Purkinje cells, molecular and granular layers of cerebellum, as well as vessel walls. Angiostatin polypeptides were detected by Western blot analysis mostly in the cerebral cortex and were represented by 50 and 40-30 kDa polypeptides. In the whole cell lysates from primary cultures of rat astrocytes, immunoreactive polypeptides with Mm ~ 92, 84, 65-60, 50, 40, 38-30 kDa, corresponding to native plasminogen and a variety of its truncated products, including angiostatin polypeptides, were revealed. Incubation of astrocytes with exogenous plasminogen resulted in gradual increasing levels of some plasminogen fragments, particularly 30 kDa protein. Moreover, this polypeptide appeared to be the single angiostatin released by astrocytes in vitro. We report here for the first time that astrocytes are one of the cell types in CNS that could be responsible for angiostatin formation and releasing.