Tag Archives: RNA

Studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription. Roger Kornberg the Nobel prize in Chemistry 2006

O. P. Matyshevska*, V. M. Danylova, S. V. Komisarenko

Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiyv;
*e-mail: matysh@yahoo.com

Received: 18 October 2022; Revised: 25 October 2022;
Accepted: 04 November 2022; Available on-line: 14 November 2022

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006 was awarded to an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University Roger Kornberg for his fundamental research on the molecular mechanisms of copying genetic information in eukaryotic cells. What are these molecular mechanisms? How is transcription complex formed and what is its structure? R. Kornberg devoted tirelessly 20 years of his work to answer these questions. The article is focused on his research and also describes Roger Kornberg’s life and scientific career.

The discovery of the mechanisms of biological synthesis of nucleic acids: 1959 Nobel laureates S. Ochoa and A. Kornberg

O. P. Matyshevska, V. M. Danilova, S. V. Komisarenko

Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: matysh@yahoo.com

Received: 12 September 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020

Alongside the chemical and physical research of nucleic acids in the 1940s-50s, the mechanisms of their biosynthesis were investigated. Thus, in 1959, Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanisms of biological synthesis of RNA and DNA. The experiments performed by Ochoa and Kornberg are considered today the cornerstone of genetic engineering, as they first demonstrated the possibility of synthesizing RNA and DNA outside the living cell, and also as the enzymes they discovered were among the first tools of this technology.

Estimation of the ROS in the presence of biologically active substances by porous silicon fluorescence

V. B. Shevchenko1, O. I. Dacenko1, O. V. Shablykin2, T. V. Osadchuk2,
A. M. Lyakhov2, Y. V. Pivovarenko3, V. A. Makara1,3

1Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Ukraine;
e-mail: shevchenko@univ.kiev.ua;
2Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petroleum Chemistry,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine;
3STC Physico-Chemical Center of Materials Science
of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University and NAS of Ukraine

The fluorescence spectra of the porous silicon modified by water solutions of biologically active materials and materials of biological origin are recorded as well as the fluorescence spectra of the porous silicon modified by lecithin monolayers grown on the surface of water solutions of the biologically active materials. The analysis of the obtained spectra made it possible to conclude on the effect of the studied materials on the content of ROS.