Tag Archives: type 2 diabetes mellitus
The levels of visfatin and toll-like receptors in arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus
N. Pokrovska1, S. Mahiiovych1, I. Fomenko2,
L. Biletska2, H. Sklyarova3, L. Kobylinska2*
1Department of Therapy No 1, Medical Diagnostics and Hematology and Transfusion
of FPGE, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine;
2Department of Biochemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine;
3Department of Family Medicine FPGE, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: lesyaivanivna.biochemistry@gmail.com
Received: 28 January 2024; Revised: 26 February 2024;
Accepted: 27 February 2024; Available on-line: April 2024
Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remain widespread diseases that are becoming more prevalent. The role of visfatin and toll-like receptor (TLR) molecules in the pathogenesis of these diseases requires further research. Our aim was to study changes in visfatin and TLR levels in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Fifty-one patients were examined and divided into two groups: group 1 included 27 patients with hypertension and group 2 included 24 people with hypertension and type 2 DM. The control group included 18 practically healthy people. All individuals underwent general blood test, coagulogram, biochemical blood test, enzyme immunoassay to determine the level of visfatin and TLR in the blood serum and echocardiography. Hypertrophy of the walls of the left ventricle (LV) was observed in patients of two observed groups. The most common type of LV geometry was concentric hypertrophy (41.2%). The level of visfatin was significantly higher in patients of group 1, while in patients of group 2 it was decreased (P ˂ 0.05) and the level of TLR was increased (P ˂ 0.05). The elevated level of TLR in the serum of patients with hypertension can be considered a factor of low-grade inflammation, especially in combination with type 2 DM. The increase in the concentration of visfatin in hypertension serves as a more sensitive marker compared to TLR regarding the risk of developing comorbid cardiovascular pathology. The therapeutic treatments of patients with type 2 DM cause a reduction in the concentration of visfatin induced by hypertension.
Oxydative stress in type 2 diabetic patients: involvement of HIF-1 alpha AND mTOR genes expression
Y. A. Saenko1, O. O. Gonchar2*, I. M. Mankovska2,
T. I. Drevytska2, L. V. Bratus2, B. M. Mankovsky1,3
1SI “The Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Clinic for Adults, Kyiv;
2Department of Hypoxia, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
3Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail:olga.gonchar@i.ua
Received: 22 March 2023; Revised: 25 May 2023;
Accepted: 05 June 2023; Available on-line: 20 June 2023
Biochemical and genetic mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied. Twenty patients with T2DM and 10 healthy persons participated in this study. Lipid peroxidation, the content of protein carbonyls and H2O2 production were measured in blood plasma and erythrocytes as OS biomarkers. Activity of SOD, catalase, and GPx as well as reduced glutathionе (GSH) level in plasma and erythrocytes were estimated. The gene expression of key regulators of oxygen and metabolic homeostasis (HIF-1α and mTOR) in leukocytes were studied. It was found a significant rise in TBARS and protein carbonyls content in plasma as well as H2O2 production in erythrocytes from patients with T2DM compared to control. The diabetic patients also demonstrated an increase in the SOD and catalase activity in plasma and significantly lower GSH content and GPx activity in erythrocytes compared to the healthy participants. The established marked inhibition of mTOR gene expression and the tendency to an increase in HIF-1α gene expression in leukocytes of patients with T2DM may serve as a protective mechanism which counteracts OS developing and oxidative cell damage.
Immunological mechanisms of increased susceptibility to COVID-19 disease and its severe course in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and obesity
K. P. Zak1, M. D. Tronko1, S. V. Komisarenko2*
1V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: svk@biochem.kiev.ua
Received: 28 April 2023; Revised: 28 May 2023;
Accepted: 05 June 2023; Available on-line: 20 June 2023
In this review, we analyze and summarize literature data and the results of our own research related to the immunity status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and those T2D patients who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It was shown that in the blood plasma of T2D patients, especially those with elevated BMI, the level and ultrastructure of the main cellular components of natural immunity – neutrophils and monocytes – were affected accompanied by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α). It was suggested that the increased susceptibility of T2D patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection is primarily due to a weakening of the innate immune defense against pathogens, whereas in T2D patients who have COVID-19, adaptive T-cell immunity disorders accompanied by a cytokine storm prevail. It was concluded that hyperinflammation in T2D+COVID19 patients is the result of enhancement of already existing before SARS-CoV-2 infection T2D-caused disorders of innate and adaptive immunity, in the mechanism of which cytokines and chemokines play a significant role.
Glucose deprivation-induced glycogen degradation and viability are altered in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetes patients
K. S. Praveen Kumar1, P. Kamarthy2, S. Balakrishna1*
1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education, Kolar, India;
2Department of General Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, India;
*e-mail: sharath@sduu.ac.in
Received: 07 September 2021; Accepted: 21 January 2022
The glycogen pathway plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Impairment of the glycogen pathway has been linked to diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to compare the levels of glucose deprivation-induced glycogen degradation and cell viability in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls. This was a case-control study comprising 45 T2DM patients and 45 healthy controls. PBMCs were prepared from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. Glycogen levels were measured by the periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining method. Glycogen degradation was measured as percent change in PAS-stained cells before and after glucose deprivation. PBMC viability was measured by trypan-blue assay. The levels of glucose deprivation-induced glycogen degradation were 55.4% (IQR: 50.6–61.3) in the T2DM group and 70.5% (IQR: 63.9–72.2) in the healthy control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The levels of glucose deprivation-induced cell viability were 70.9% (IQR: 66.3–77.1) in the T2DM group and 87.8% (IQR: 83.7–90.7) in the healthy control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Together these results indicate that the glucose deprivation-induced glycogen degradation and viability are reduced in PBMCs of T2DM patients.
The effect of quercetin on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes
N. I. Gorbenko1, O. Yu. Borikov2, O. V. Ivanova1, E. V. Taran1,
Т. S. Litvinova1, T. V. Kiprych1, A. S. Shalamai3
1V. Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
2V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine;
3PJSC SIC “Borshchahivskiy Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant”, Kyiv, Ukraine;
е-mail: Gorbenkonat58@ukr.net
Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and induction of mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiomyocytes are linked to tissue damage and the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of quercetin (Q) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM was induced in 12-week-old male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin twice per week followed by a high-fat diet during four weeks. The rats were divided into three groups: control intact group (C, n = 8), untreated diabetic group (Diabetes, n = 8) and diabetic rats treated with Q (50 mg/kg/day per os for 8 weeks) after diabetes induction (Diabetes+Q, n = 8). Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity and normalized the functional state of cardiac mitochondria due to increased aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in rats with type 2 DM. Q also ameliorated oxidative stress, decreasing the level of advanced oxidation protein products and increasing the activity of thioredoxin-reductase in heart mitochondria of diabetic rats. In addition, Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore was significantly inhibited in diabetic rats treated with Q in comparison with the untreated diabetic group. These data demonstrate that Q can protect against oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition induction and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats. We suggest that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM.
Biological role of fetuin A and its potential importance for prediction of cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
M. Yu. Gorshunska1, Y. I. Karachentsev1,2, N. A. Kravchun2, E. Jansen3,
Zh. A. Leshchenko2, A. I. Gladkih2, N. S. Krasova2,
T. V. Tyzhnenko2, Y. A. Opaleyko2, V. V. Роltorak2
1Kharkiv Postgraduate Medical Academy,Ukraine;
2SI V. Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems,
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
3National Institute for Public Health and the Environment,
Bilthoven, Netherlands;
e-mail: maryanagr@mail.ru
The authors’ data and those from literature concerning biological role of fetuin A glycoprotein have been generalized in the article. A direct correlation has been established between fetuin A and some adipokines involved in the formation of insulin resistance and atherogenesis (progranulin, omentin-1), and osteoprotegerin (the novel cardiovascular risk factor) as well as an increase of circulating levels of fetuin A in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with high cardiovascular risk metabolic pattern but without manifestations of macrovascular complications. This substantiates the involvement of fetuin A in the complex of biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis.