Tag Archives: aging
Diet-induced and age-related changes in rats: the impact of N-stearoylethanolamine intake on plasma lipoproteins, adiponectin, and adipocyte cholesterol-phospholipid composition
O. S. Tkachenko*, H. V. Kosiakova
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: 888oksana.tkachenko@gmail.com
Received: 26 January 2024; Revised: 19 March 2024;
Accepted: 19 March 2024; Available on-line: 30 April 2024
Adiponectin is secreted by adipose tissue, associated with lipoprotein (LP) metabolism, down-regulated in insulin resistance states, and reduced in individuals suffering from obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Phospholipids and cholesterol are the main components of cell membranes and play a critical role in storage and secretory adipocyte functions. N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) is a minor lipid affecting cell membrane lipids’ composition. Our study aimed to investigate plasma levels of adiponectin and cholesterol of low- and high-density LP (LDL and HDL) and adipocyte cholesterol-phospholipid (Chol-PL) composition of different age rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance and their changes under NSE administration. Our study demonstrated that chronic dietary fat overloading leads to obesity accompanied by impairment of glucose tolerance, a manifestation of dyslipidemia, and changes in plasma adiponectin levels in rats from two age groups (10-month-old and and 24-month-old). Prolonged HFD led to a reduction in plasma adiponectin levels and the growth of adipocyte cholesterol content in rats of different ages. A significant increase in plasma LDL-Chol level and main adipocyte PLs (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, and lysophosphatidylcholine) was observed in younger rats, whereas not detected in elder animals after dietary fats overloading. The decrease in the content of anionic phospholipids (phosphatidylinositol + phosphatidylserine) was also detected in 10-month-old HFD rats compared to the control animals. NSE administration positively affected the normalization of adiponectin levels in both age HFD groups. It significantly impacted the reduction of LDL-Chol levels and the growth of HDL-Chol concentration in the blood plasma of 10-month-old rats as well as PL-composition of young HFD rats and anionic PL restoring in 24-month-old rats. The positive effect on investigated parameters makes NSE a prospective agent for treating diet-induced and age-related metabolic disorders threatening cardiovascular diseases.
The effect of thymic mesenchymal stromal cells on arginase activity and nitric oxide produced by mouse macrophages
R. S. Dovgiy1,2, I. S. Nikolsky3, L. M. Skivka1
1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine;
2Institute of Gerontology, NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv;
3State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative
Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: romandovgiy@gmail.com
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) gained much attention due to their therapeutic properties, mediated largely by anti-inflammatory action. We aimed to investigate the capacity of MSC obtained from young mice to modulate arginine metabolism of macrophages from old animals. Bone marrow cells obtained from young and aged mice were cocultivated with MSC in the presence of M-CSF. Nitric oxide production was analyzed in supernatants by Griess reaction, and arginase activity was measured in cell lysates. We have found that arginase activity was significantly lower in macrophages isolated from old mice as compared to young animals (P ˂ 0.05). Syngeneic MSC addition markedly stimulated arginase activity in macrophages from both young and aged mice (P ˂ 0.001), with greater effect in old animals. There were no significant differences in nitric oxide level between groups. In summary, there was more pronounced anti-inflammatory shift in macrophage metabolism in aged animals upon cocultivation with MSC.
Influence of polymicroelement preparation Esmin on hydrogen sulfide levels and indices of pro- and antioxidant system in the rat myocardium of different age
N. V. Zaichko1, A. S. Olhovskiy1, A. V. Melnik1,
P. A. Yurchenko1, A. S. Grigorieva2, N. F. Konahovich2
1Pirogov Vinnitsa National Medical University, Ukraine;
2SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine;
e-mail: nzaichko@mail.ru
The influence of microelement preparation Esmin on hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels, activity of H2S -producing enzymes and indices of pro-/antioxidant system in the myocardium of different age rats were investigated. In the process of aging the levels of H2S and activities of H2S-producing enzymes (cysteine aminotransferase, cystathionine-γ-lyase) are reduced in the myocardium; the pro-/antioxidant balance is destabilized (NADPH-oxidase activity is increased and thioredoxin reductase activity is decreased). Esmin administration effectively reduces age-related changes in the myocardium of old rats: increases H2S levels and activity of H2S-producing enzymes, restores pro-/antioxidant balance.
Defects in tor regulatory complexes retard aging and carbonyl/oxidative stress development in yeast Sассharomyces cerevisiae
B. V. Homza, R. A. Vasylkovska, H. М. Semchyshyn
Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
е-mail: semchyshyn@pu.if.ua
TOR signaling pathway first described in yeast S. сerevisiae is the highly conserved regulator of eukaryotic cell growth, aging and stress resistance. The effect of nitrogen sources, in particular amino acids, on the activity of TOR signaling pathway is well studied, however its relation to carbohydrates is poor understood. The aim of the present study is expanding of our understanding of potential role of TOR regulatory complexes in development of carbonyl/oxidative stress that can result from yeast cultivation on glucose and fructose. It has been shown that the level of α-dicarbonyl compounds and protein carbonyl groups increased with time of yeast cultivation and was higher in cells grown on fructose that demonstrated their accelerated aging and carbonyl/oxidative stress development as compared with cells grown on glucose. The strains defective in TOR proteins cultivated in the presence of glucose as well as fructose demonstrated lower markers of the stress and aging than parental strain. Thus these data confirmed the previous conclusion on fructose more potent ability to cause carbonyl/oxidative stress and accelerated aging in S. cerevisiae as compared with glucose. However, defects in TOR regulatory complexes retard aging and development of the stress in yeast independent on the type of carbohydrate in the cultivation medium.