Tag Archives: Nobel Prize
Double Nobel prize winner: Frederick Sanger – the father of genomics
T. V. Danylova1*, S. V. Komisarenko2
1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: danilova_tv@ukr.net,
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail:svk@biochem.kiev.ua
Received: 02 February 2021; Accepted: 23 April 2021
This paper aims to outline briefly the main stages of Frederick Sanger’s scientific activity – the only person to have won two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry (1958, 1980). His work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin, and the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids made an immense impact on the development of biochemistry and especially on the development of a new scientific field – molecular biology. His methods for determining the primary structure of proteins and nucleic acids helped biochemists and molecular biologists to determine the structure of many proteins and nucleic acids and laid the basis for genetic engineering.
Scientific investigations of the Nobel prize winner Emil Fischer as a launching pad for the development of biochemistry: a brief overview
T. V. Danylova1, S. V. Komisarenko2
1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: danilova_tv@ukr.net;
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: svk@biochem.kiev.ua
Modern biochemistry and molecular biology would be impossible without discoveries in related fields of science. This paper aims to outline briefly the main stages of scientific activity of a Nobel Prize winner 1902 – German chemist Hermann Emil Fischer, one of the leading chemists of all times. Emil Fischer was a brilliant multifaceted scientist who left his mark in organic chemistry, physiology, medicine, gave impetus to the development of biochemistry. His insights into the structures of sugars, enzymes, proteins, and purines have become a launching pad for the further development of biochemistry and molecular biology. His contribution to the natural sciences was immense; some chemical reactions and concepts were named after him. This prominent scientist was honored with a number of awards.
Alfred Bernhard Nobel and the Nobel prize
V. M. Danilova, R. P. Vinogradova, S. V. Komisarenko
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: valdan@biochem.kiev.ua
The great number of pages has been written about Alfred Nobel and his Prize in various languages all over the world, but in this article we elucidated only two issues: what kind of person was Alfred Nobel – this phenomenon in experimental chemistry, doctor of philosophy, academician, who had no higher education, the founder of the fund for rewarding with the prize named after him, and what kind of award is the Nobel Prize, how is it awarded and how this Prize influences the trend of science marked with this award.
The answer to the question why Nobel Prizes are unique and most prestigious ones may be as follows: they were introduced timely, and they define fundamental historical changes in society. The Nobel Committee activities actually direct scientists, writers and public figures to work throughout the year for the sake of society development, for the sake of progress common to all mankind.