Tag Archives: oxidative stress
Oxidative stress and thiols depletion impair tibia fracture healing in young men with type 2 diabetes
H. I. Falfushynska1, O. I. Horyn1, D. V. Poznansky1, D. V. Osadchuk2,
T. О. Savchyn3, T. І. Krytskyi2, L. S. Merva1, S. Z. Hrabra1
1Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine;
2I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine;
3Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ukraine;
e-mail: falfushynska@tnpu.edu.ua
Received: 05 May 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that enhances fracture risk and hinders bone formation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the parameters of oxidative stress, metallothioneins (MTs), metabolic changes and cytotoxicity signs in blood of young men with (DTF group) and without (TF group) type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus who had a tibia fracture due to trauma in relation to specific markers of bone formation. The level of reactive oxygen species was determined using a ROS-sensitive fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine, DNA fragmentation was detected with Hoescht 33342 fluorescent dye and caspase-3 was assessed in terms of acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide. All other studied indices were determined by standard spectrometric methods. Our results revealed the significant effect of T2D on the bone healing. Indeed, the indices variation in the DTF group were significantly deeper as compared to group TF. The bone fracture in both TF and DTF groups had led to a significant decrease in antioxidants activity and/or level and a consistent increase in signs of oxidative damage. The concentration of MTs was also altered by trauma, but ina group-specific manner: an increase was noted in TF patients after trauma while in diabetes group a decrease in MTs was observed. Likewise, glutathione was strongly suppressed (by -64%) in DTF group. Tibia fracture provoked cytotoxicity which was manifested by increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase and caspase-3 activity, the key effector of apoptosis in osteoclasts. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and total calcium increased only in TF group which demonstrated adequate remodelling process. The most prominent indices for groups splitting include ROS concentration, caspase 3, glutathione transferase and LDH activities mostly conjoint to DTF group. In sum, T2D impairs bone healing under condition of severe oxidative stress and cellular thiols depletion which result in an increase in apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. Our findings establish a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone markers and provide a rational for further studies investigating the role of pro- and antioxidants in bone healing.
The effect of quercetin on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes
N. I. Gorbenko1, O. Yu. Borikov2, O. V. Ivanova1, E. V. Taran1,
Т. S. Litvinova1, T. V. Kiprych1, A. S. Shalamai3
1V. Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
2V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine;
3PJSC SIC “Borshchahivskiy Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant”, Kyiv, Ukraine;
е-mail: Gorbenkonat58@ukr.net
Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and induction of mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiomyocytes are linked to tissue damage and the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of quercetin (Q) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM was induced in 12-week-old male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin twice per week followed by a high-fat diet during four weeks. The rats were divided into three groups: control intact group (C, n = 8), untreated diabetic group (Diabetes, n = 8) and diabetic rats treated with Q (50 mg/kg/day per os for 8 weeks) after diabetes induction (Diabetes+Q, n = 8). Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity and normalized the functional state of cardiac mitochondria due to increased aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in rats with type 2 DM. Q also ameliorated oxidative stress, decreasing the level of advanced oxidation protein products and increasing the activity of thioredoxin-reductase in heart mitochondria of diabetic rats. In addition, Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore was significantly inhibited in diabetic rats treated with Q in comparison with the untreated diabetic group. These data demonstrate that Q can protect against oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition induction and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats. We suggest that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM.
Agonists of CB1 and NMDA receptors decrease the toxic effect of organophosphorus compound paraoxon on PC12 cells
F. Salem1, F. Bahrami1,2, Z. Bahari2, Z. Jangravi3, S. Najafizadeh-Sari4
1Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
3Departmentof Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
4Student’ Research Committee (SRC), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
e-mail: f.bahrami@bmsu.ac.ir or farideh_bahrami@yahoo.com
Received: 01 July 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019
Pharmacological studies allow to suggest that activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) have a neuroprotective role against toxicity induced by organophosphate agents, but the exact mechanisms of this effect as well as interaction with receptors of other types are far from clear. Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of CB1 and NMDA receptors agonists on cell viability and biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in PC12 cells exposed to paraoxon. PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µm paraoxon as organophosphate agent. Treatments with 1 µM arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) as specific agonist of CB1 receptors, 100 µM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) as agonist of NMDA receptors and 1 µM AM251 as antagonist of CB1 receptors were done. Cell viability and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated after 48 h of incubation. The level of CB1 receptor protein was evaluated by Western blotting. It was demonstrated that PC12 cells treatment with paraoxon led to cell viability inhibition, glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity reduction, lipid peroxidation intensification and CB1 receptor expression attenuation. Application of ACEA and NMDA was shown to be followed by normalization of these indices. The protective effect of ACEA was abolished when the CB1 receptors antagonist AM251 was applied. The study revealed that application of ACEA and NMDA can protect PC12 cells against paraoxon induced toxicity through antioxidant capacity increment, lipid peroxidation inhibition and enhanced expression of CB1 receptors.
Effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on lifespan and functional aging of Drosophila melanogaster flies
M. P. Lylyk1, M. M. Bayliak1, H. V. Shmihel1,
J. M. Storey2, K. B. Storey2, V. I. Lushchak1
1Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
2Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada;
e-mail: lushchak@pu.if.ua; bayliak@ukr.net
The effects of an alpha-ketoglutarate-supplemented diet on lifespan and functional senescence were evaluated in the Canton S strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The results suggest that effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) are dose- and gender-dependent. In males, diets containing 1-10 mM AKG did not affect mean and maximum lifespans, except that an increased maximum lifespan observed at 10 mM AKG. Diet with 20 mM AKG shortened median lifespan and had no effect on maximum lifespan of males. In females, diets with low concentrations of AKG (1 and 5 mM) did not affect lifespan, whereas diets supplemented with 10 and 20 mM AKG increased both median and maximum lifespans. At a lifespan-prolonging concentration (10 mM), AKG decreased fecundity, increased cold resistance and had no effect on climbing activity or resistance to oxidative stress in flies of either gender at middle (24 days) and old (40 days) ages. Moreover, middle-aged AKG-fed females but not males were more resistant to heat stress that was accompanied by higher levels of HSP90 protein as compared with controls. Middle-aged flies on AKG-supplemented diets showed elevated oxidative stress and had higher total protein and triacylglycerol levels as compared with controls. Hence, anti-aging effects of AKG do not seem to be related to preventing oxidative stress development but involve metabolic rearrangement and synthesis of specific protective proteins, which aid to resist destructive processes with age.
Effects of L-glutamic acid and pyridoxine on glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation generated by epinephrine-induced stress in rats
N. O. Salyha
Institute of Animal Biology, NAAS of Ukraine, Lviv;
е-mail: ynosyt@yahoo.com
The main goal of this research was to investigate and compare the protective effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) alone and combined with Pyridoxine (L-Glu+Pyridoxine) for the purpose of suppression and mitigation of epinephrine-induced stress in rats. This study outlines possible links between changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) level, antioxidant enzymes activity and content of the lipid peroxidation products after administration of the above-mentioned substances and under the action of stress in various tissues of rats. The obtained results suggest that the GSH level was significantly inhibited by stress in all investigated tissues (except kidneys). We have shown that under the stress, activities of glutathione-associated enzymes were changed (mainly decreased) in all investigated tissues. In rats, additionally received L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine, much less changes or lack of changes in studied parameters were observed. The content of lipid peroxidation products (lipid peroxides (LOOH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in myocardium, liver and kidney tissues of experimental groups under the stress conditions were significantly higher compared to the control. While in experimental groups that received L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine LOOH content in kidney, spleen and liver and TBARS content in spleen, liver and myocardium were almost at the level of control values. These results indicate that L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine can mitigate and suppress epinephrine-induced stress in rats.
Nitrate and nitrite in drinking water affect antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes of rats
E. Sierra-Campos1, M. A. Valdez-Solana1, M. I. Campos-Almazán1,
C. Avitia-Domínguez2, J. L. Hernández-Rivera1, J. A. De Lira-Sánchez1,
G. Garcia-Arenas3, A. Téllez-Valencia2
1Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Campus Gómez Palacio, University Juarez of Durango State, Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico;
e-mail: ericksier@gmail.com;
2Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Campus Durango, University Juarez of Durango State, Durango, Mexico;
3Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Gómez Palacio, University Juarez of Durango State, Gomez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
The present study evaluated the effect of short term intake of nitrite and nitrate drinking water on the antioxidant system and membrane damage of rat erythrocytes. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows; the group I received only distilled water ad libitum; the group II was given water with nitrate (a dose of 124 mg/kg of nitrate-nitrogen) as drinking water and the group III was given nitrites dissolved in distilled water in a dose of 150 mg/kg for 7 days. At the end of the study, group III rats showed a significant decrease in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and catalase (CAT), while in group II rats, the activity of GPx and CAT were significantly reduced, but no significant changes in glutathione reductase activity and peroxynitrite levels were observed. On the other hand, malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both groups with respect to group I. Also, our major results indicate that all treatments changed methemoglobin levels and osmotic fragility in comparison to group I rats. The intensity of alterations was found more severe in rats of group III, followed by rats of group II. It can be concluded from these observations that nitrate or nitrite leads to alterations in the erythrocytes antioxidant defense status mainly throughout NADPH relate enzymes.
Effect of high sodium chloride concentrations on the pigment content and free-radical processes in corn seedlings leaves
Y. V. Vasylyk, V. I. Lushchak
Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frasnkivk, Ukraine;
e-mail: lushchak@pu.if.ua
The effect of sodium chloride on general morphometrical parameters of seedlings, and biochemical parameters in the leaves of corn seedlings was studied. Exposure to 100 and 200 mM NaCl slowed down the growth of stem and roots, whereas 100 and 200 mM NaCl during 24 h enhanced the concentration of chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyans, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The decrease in protein carbonyl groups was found at 24-hour exposure to 200 mM salt. The treatment during 24, 48 and 72 h to 200 mM salt increased the level of total and high molecular mass thiols, whereas low molecular mass thiol content was by 20-25% higher at 48 h exposure to all used salt concentrations. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase was higher only at 24 h exposure to 100 and 200 mM salt, and catalase – at 50 mM during 48 h. At 72-hour exposure, catalase activity was by 27 and 41% higher in seedlings, exposed to 50 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded the plant exposure to 50-200 mM salt initially developed oxidative stress, inducing adaptive response – an increase in antioxidant potential and efficiency of systems of energy production. That results in plant adaptation to unfavourable conditions.