Tag Archives: oxidative stress
Effects of ethylthiosulfanylate and chromium (VI) on the state of pro/antioxidant system in rat liver
B. І. Kotyk1, R. Ya. Iskra1, O. M. Slivinska1, N. M. Liubas1,
A. Z. Pylypets1, V. I. Lubenets2, V. I. Pryimych3
1Institute of Animal Biology, NAAS of Ukraine, Lviv;
2Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine;
3Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, Ukraine;
e-mail: kicyniabo@gmail.com
Received: 04 April 2020; Accepted: 25 June 2020
Ethylthiosulfanylate is alkyl ester of thiosulfoacid and belongs to the class of thiosulfonate compounds. Structurally, thiosulfonates are synthetic analogues of natural phytoncides. It is known that, natural organic sulfur-containing compounds are characterized by antioxidant and detoxification properties against heavy metals toxicity. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of ethylthiosulfanylate, as a synthetic analogue of natural phytoncides, on the state of the pro/antioxidant system in the liver of laboratory rats exposed to Cr(VI). It was found that ethylthiosulfanylate exposure at a dose 100 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days led to a decrease in the intensity of increasing of the lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) content in the rat liver caused by Cr(VI) action. In addition, ethylthiosulfanylate pretreatment prevented depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) pool under the action of potassium dichromate oxidative stress and performed the accumulation of cellular GSH in rat liver.
Profiling of metabolic biomarkers in the serum of prostate cancer patients
F. Ali1, S. Akram1, S. Niaz1,2, N. Wajid1
1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) & Centre for Research In Molecular Medicine (CRIMM), The University of Lahore, Raiwind Road Lahore, Pakistan;
2Social Security Hospital Multan Chungi, Multan Road, Lahore;
e-mail: Fatima.ali@imbb.uol.edu.pk; fatemei.ali@gmail.com
Received: 26 July 2019; Accepted: 29 November 2019
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the major cause of the death of men population globally. Multiple factors are involved in the initiation and progression of PCa. This study aimed to evaluate different metabolic parameters in the serum of PCa patients. Males of 50 years and above age with the recent diagnosis of PCa (digital rectal examination, and elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level) were included in the study. Glucose and serum electrolytes level, lactate dehydrogenase activity, parameters of lipid metabolism and liver and kidney functioning were measured on a fully automated analyzer using standard reagent kits. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring MDA, CAT, GSH, and SOD in serum. Detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed by immunoassay. It was shown that serum glucose and HDL levels were lower while total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in PCa group than in the control group. PCa patients had an elevated level of liver and kidney functional markers. Comparison of the oxidative stress markers in patient and control groups showed significant difference. It was detected that serum levels of CRP, IGF-1 and VEGF were significantly higher in PCa group, compared the control to group (P < 0.05). Low level of glucose and dyslipidemia indices in prostate cancer patients indicated metabolic changes and demonstrated the importance of multiple parameters analysis (free PSA, dyslipidemia, VEGF, IGF-1, CRP, and oxidative stress markers) for early PCa diagnostics.
Oxidative stress and thiols depletion impair tibia fracture healing in young men with type 2 diabetes
H. I. Falfushynska1, O. I. Horyn1, D. V. Poznansky1, D. V. Osadchuk2,
T. О. Savchyn3, T. І. Krytskyi2, L. S. Merva1, S. Z. Hrabra1
1Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine;
2I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine;
3Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ukraine;
e-mail: falfushynska@tnpu.edu.ua
Received: 05 May 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that enhances fracture risk and hinders bone formation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the parameters of oxidative stress, metallothioneins (MTs), metabolic changes and cytotoxicity signs in blood of young men with (DTF group) and without (TF group) type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus who had a tibia fracture due to trauma in relation to specific markers of bone formation. The level of reactive oxygen species was determined using a ROS-sensitive fluorescent dye dihydrorhodamine, DNA fragmentation was detected with Hoescht 33342 fluorescent dye and caspase-3 was assessed in terms of acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide. All other studied indices were determined by standard spectrometric methods. Our results revealed the significant effect of T2D on the bone healing. Indeed, the indices variation in the DTF group were significantly deeper as compared to group TF. The bone fracture in both TF and DTF groups had led to a significant decrease in antioxidants activity and/or level and a consistent increase in signs of oxidative damage. The concentration of MTs was also altered by trauma, but ina group-specific manner: an increase was noted in TF patients after trauma while in diabetes group a decrease in MTs was observed. Likewise, glutathione was strongly suppressed (by -64%) in DTF group. Tibia fracture provoked cytotoxicity which was manifested by increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase and caspase-3 activity, the key effector of apoptosis in osteoclasts. The activity of alkaline phosphatase and total calcium increased only in TF group which demonstrated adequate remodelling process. The most prominent indices for groups splitting include ROS concentration, caspase 3, glutathione transferase and LDH activities mostly conjoint to DTF group. In sum, T2D impairs bone healing under condition of severe oxidative stress and cellular thiols depletion which result in an increase in apoptosis and DNA fragmentation. Our findings establish a biochemical link between increased oxidative stress and reduced bone markers and provide a rational for further studies investigating the role of pro- and antioxidants in bone healing.
The effect of quercetin on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes
N. I. Gorbenko1, O. Yu. Borikov2, O. V. Ivanova1, E. V. Taran1,
Т. S. Litvinova1, T. V. Kiprych1, A. S. Shalamai3
1V. Danilevsky Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
2V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine;
3PJSC SIC “Borshchahivskiy Chemical-Pharmaceutical Plant”, Kyiv, Ukraine;
е-mail: Gorbenkonat58@ukr.net
Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019
Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and induction of mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiomyocytes are linked to tissue damage and the development of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of quercetin (Q) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition in the heart of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Type 2 DM was induced in 12-week-old male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin twice per week followed by a high-fat diet during four weeks. The rats were divided into three groups: control intact group (C, n = 8), untreated diabetic group (Diabetes, n = 8) and diabetic rats treated with Q (50 mg/kg/day per os for 8 weeks) after diabetes induction (Diabetes+Q, n = 8). Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity and normalized the functional state of cardiac mitochondria due to increased aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in rats with type 2 DM. Q also ameliorated oxidative stress, decreasing the level of advanced oxidation protein products and increasing the activity of thioredoxin-reductase in heart mitochondria of diabetic rats. In addition, Ca2+-induced opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore was significantly inhibited in diabetic rats treated with Q in comparison with the untreated diabetic group. These data demonstrate that Q can protect against oxidative stress, mitochondrial permeability transition induction and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes of diabetic rats. We suggest that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM.
Agonists of CB1 and NMDA receptors decrease the toxic effect of organophosphorus compound paraoxon on PC12 cells
F. Salem1, F. Bahrami1,2, Z. Bahari2, Z. Jangravi3, S. Najafizadeh-Sari4
1Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
3Departmentof Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
4Student’ Research Committee (SRC), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
e-mail: f.bahrami@bmsu.ac.ir or farideh_bahrami@yahoo.com
Received: 01 July 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019
Pharmacological studies allow to suggest that activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) have a neuroprotective role against toxicity induced by organophosphate agents, but the exact mechanisms of this effect as well as interaction with receptors of other types are far from clear. Therefore, the aim of current study was to evaluate the effect of CB1 and NMDA receptors agonists on cell viability and biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in PC12 cells exposed to paraoxon. PC12 cells were exposed to 100 µm paraoxon as organophosphate agent. Treatments with 1 µM arachidonyl-2′-chloroethylamide (ACEA) as specific agonist of CB1 receptors, 100 µM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) as agonist of NMDA receptors and 1 µM AM251 as antagonist of CB1 receptors were done. Cell viability and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated after 48 h of incubation. The level of CB1 receptor protein was evaluated by Western blotting. It was demonstrated that PC12 cells treatment with paraoxon led to cell viability inhibition, glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity reduction, lipid peroxidation intensification and CB1 receptor expression attenuation. Application of ACEA and NMDA was shown to be followed by normalization of these indices. The protective effect of ACEA was abolished when the CB1 receptors antagonist AM251 was applied. The study revealed that application of ACEA and NMDA can protect PC12 cells against paraoxon induced toxicity through antioxidant capacity increment, lipid peroxidation inhibition and enhanced expression of CB1 receptors.
Effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on lifespan and functional aging of Drosophila melanogaster flies
M. P. Lylyk1, M. M. Bayliak1, H. V. Shmihel1,
J. M. Storey2, K. B. Storey2, V. I. Lushchak1
1Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
2Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada;
e-mail: lushchak@pu.if.ua; bayliak@ukr.net
The effects of an alpha-ketoglutarate-supplemented diet on lifespan and functional senescence were evaluated in the Canton S strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The results suggest that effects of dietary alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) are dose- and gender-dependent. In males, diets containing 1-10 mM AKG did not affect mean and maximum lifespans, except that an increased maximum lifespan observed at 10 mM AKG. Diet with 20 mM AKG shortened median lifespan and had no effect on maximum lifespan of males. In females, diets with low concentrations of AKG (1 and 5 mM) did not affect lifespan, whereas diets supplemented with 10 and 20 mM AKG increased both median and maximum lifespans. At a lifespan-prolonging concentration (10 mM), AKG decreased fecundity, increased cold resistance and had no effect on climbing activity or resistance to oxidative stress in flies of either gender at middle (24 days) and old (40 days) ages. Moreover, middle-aged AKG-fed females but not males were more resistant to heat stress that was accompanied by higher levels of HSP90 protein as compared with controls. Middle-aged flies on AKG-supplemented diets showed elevated oxidative stress and had higher total protein and triacylglycerol levels as compared with controls. Hence, anti-aging effects of AKG do not seem to be related to preventing oxidative stress development but involve metabolic rearrangement and synthesis of specific protective proteins, which aid to resist destructive processes with age.
Effects of L-glutamic acid and pyridoxine on glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation generated by epinephrine-induced stress in rats
N. O. Salyha
Institute of Animal Biology, NAAS of Ukraine, Lviv;
е-mail: ynosyt@yahoo.com
The main goal of this research was to investigate and compare the protective effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) alone and combined with Pyridoxine (L-Glu+Pyridoxine) for the purpose of suppression and mitigation of epinephrine-induced stress in rats. This study outlines possible links between changes of reduced glutathione (GSH) level, antioxidant enzymes activity and content of the lipid peroxidation products after administration of the above-mentioned substances and under the action of stress in various tissues of rats. The obtained results suggest that the GSH level was significantly inhibited by stress in all investigated tissues (except kidneys). We have shown that under the stress, activities of glutathione-associated enzymes were changed (mainly decreased) in all investigated tissues. In rats, additionally received L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine, much less changes or lack of changes in studied parameters were observed. The content of lipid peroxidation products (lipid peroxides (LOOH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) in myocardium, liver and kidney tissues of experimental groups under the stress conditions were significantly higher compared to the control. While in experimental groups that received L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine LOOH content in kidney, spleen and liver and TBARS content in spleen, liver and myocardium were almost at the level of control values. These results indicate that L-Glu and L-Glu+Pyridoxine can mitigate and suppress epinephrine-induced stress in rats.