Tag Archives: apoptosis
Effects of α-tocopherol and its anologues on rat thymocytes programmed death induced by protein kinase inhibitors
G. V. Petrova, N. V. Delemenchuk, G. V. Donchenko
Palladin Institute of Вiochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: petrova@biochem.kiev.ua
It is established that α-tocopherol (α-ТPh) shows cytoprotective effect at the induction of rats’ thymocytes apoptosis by endocellular protein kinase inhibitors – staurosporine and phorbol ether in high concentration, and also on necrosis of the cells caused by sphyngosine. The effect of α-ТPh on thymocytes death caused by protein phosphatase type 2А inhibitor ocadaic acid is much less expressed. The obtained data testify that the known ability of α-ТPh to the inhibition of PKC and to the activation of protein phosphatase type 2А is not the main mechanism of its cytoprotective action. Partial reproduction of α-ТPh effects by its analogue α-tocopheryl acetate which is not capable to enter in redox reactions, and the absence of influence on the studied processes of an antioxidant of N-acetyl-L-cysteine do not confirm the antioxidant mechanism of α-ТPh action in this case. The inhibition by α-ТPh of the release of cytochrome c in the cytosol of cells testifies to the implementation of its cytoprotective effect at the level of mitochondrial membranes. We assume the existence of the universal mechanism of α-ТPh cytoprotective action that does not depend on the nature of apoptogenes and realized on the general for the majority of them stage of the cells death induction. The prevention by α-ТPh of mitochondria dysfunction by stabilizing mitochondrial membranes and reduction of their permeabilization is supposed as that.
Photoactivated fullerene C(60) induces store-operated Ca(2+) entry and cytochrome c release in Jurkat cells
S. M. Grebinyk1, K. O. Palyvoda2, S. V. Prylutska1, I. I. Grynyuk1,
A. A. Samoylenko2, L. B. Drobot2, O. P. Matyshevska1
1Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Ukraine;
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: matysh@yahoo.com
The values of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pool and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) were estimated in rat thymocytes and Jurkat cells loaded with indo-1 and treated with thapsigargin. It was shown that the relative value of SOCE in thymocytes was substantially lower than in Jurkat cells. Significant increase of SOCE in Jurkat cells preincubated with 10-5 M C60 and exposed to uv/visible light irradiation was detected at 1-3 h after exposure. At this time FCCP-induced Ca2+-release from mitochondria was shown to be reduced, while cytochrome c level into the cytoplasm of Jurkat cells, detected by Western blot analysis, to be increased. It is supposed that Ca2+ flux remodulation induced by photoexcited fullerene C60 in Jurkat cells might be involved in the initiation of signalling events leading to cell apoptosis.
Effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on the DNA fragmentation intensity in tumour and extratumoral tissues of the human adrenal cortex
N. I. Levchuk1, V. M. Pushkarev1, O. I. Kovzun1,
A. S. Mikosha1, N. M. Gula2, M. D. Tronko1
1State Institution V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: levnataly@meta.ua
The effect of different concentrations of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE 18:0) on fragmentation of DNA in the tumoural and extratumour tissues of the adrenal glands in vitro was studied. In this work the following types of tissue were investigated: extratumoural tissue from patients with hormonally active tumours, benign tumour tissue (hormonally active and hormonally inactive), tissue of malignant tumours and hyperplasic tissue of the adrenal glands (Itsenko-Cushing disease). It has been established that the NSE increases the intensity of DNA fragmentation only in the tissue of hormonally inactive tumours. Benign hormonally active tumours, malignant tumours and hyperplastic tissue of the adrenal glands were resistant to the NSE. The possible mechanisms of resistance to the drug are discussed.
Rhamnazin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human jurkat leukemia cells in vitro
А. А. Philchenkov, М. P. Zavelevych
R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: apoclub@i.ua
Antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects of rhamnazin, a dimethoxylated derivative of quercetin, were studied in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells. The cytotoxicity and apoptogenic activity of rhamnazin in vitro are inferior to that of quercetin. The apoptogenic activity of rhamnazin is realized via mitochondrial pathway and associated with activation of caspase-9 and -3. The additive apoptogenic effect of rhamnazin and suboptimal doses of etoposide, a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, is demonstrated. Therefore, methylation of quercetin modifies its biological effects considerably.
Biological effects of thyroid hormones
T. S. Saatov, A. A. Abduavaliev
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent;
e-mail: t.saatov@yandex.ru
The article presents the findings from the study on multifunctional effects of thyroid hormones in relation to normal and malignantly transformed tissues and cells. Both “rapid” and «slow» effects of thyroid hormones including calorigenic effects and effects over adenylate cyclase – cAMP system have been described. Thyroxin (Т4) has been established capable to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis of cells carrying Т4 receptors on their membranes as well as to change course of metabolic processes under its effect. Spectrum of Т4 targets is quite broad to include not only cells of hormone-producing organs, to name those of the breast and the colon, but also other types of cells to name melanin-containing ones; Т4 effects resulting in reconstruction of presentation of regulatory proteins on the cell membrane surface to ultimately activate the process of cell apoptosis. Our findings help determine alternative paths for hormonal regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis of cells of hormone-dependent tumors, breast cancer, in particular, upon impossibility to regulate the processes by conventional methods. This facilitates understanding mechanisms for activation of signal system of the breast cancer’s cells by hormones upon changes in expression of receptors on the cells’ surface, making possible development of novel strategy for replacement therapy of hormone-dependent tumors upon low efficacy of drug therapy.
Sweet taste of cell death: role of carbohydrate recognition systems
R. Bilyy, R. Stoika
Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv;
e-mail: r.bilyy@nas.gov.ua; stoika@cellbiol.lviv.ua
This paper describes a complicated way how the glycoepitops’ alterations on a surface of dying cells allow investigators to decipher specific mechanisms underlying cell restructuring at apoptosis. These glycoepitops are important at removal of fragments of dying cells from the body, which can be a cause of formation of the auto-antibodies.
The role of reactive oxygen species in tumor cells apoptosis induced by landomycin A
L. V. Lehka1, R. R. Panchuk1, W. Berger2, Ju. Rohr3, R. S. Stoika1
1Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv;
2Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria;
3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA;
e-mail: lilyalehka@gmail.com
Landomycin A (LA) is a new antitumor antibiotic of angucycline group, possessing high antitumor activity against cancer cells of different origin, which induces early apoptosis in target cells. It was shown that under LA action the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human T-leukemia cells had increased 5.6 times in comparison to control already at the 1st hour after the addition of studied antibiotic to the culture medium. At the 6th hour after incubation of cells with LA the nucleosomal DNA cleavage, chromatin condensation and nucleus fragmentation were observed, indicating apoptotic cell death. Catalase (scavenger of hydrogen peroxide), mannitol (scavenger of hydroxyl radicals) and superoxide dismutase (scavenger of superoxide radicals) reduced the level of ROS production under LA, suggesting the generation of H2O2, OH• and O2– radicals, respectively. It was revealed that catalase and mannitol effectively inhibited LA-mediated tumor cell death, increasing 2.5 times the percentage of alive cells in comparison to LA. However, superoxide dismutase had no significant inhibitory effect on cytotoxic activity of LA, indicating the minor role of superoxide anions in the implementation of antitumor activity of this antibiotic. Combination of catalase, mannitol and superoxide dismutase with LA increased 4-fold the percentage of alive cells in comparison to the action of LA. Dynamics of ROS formation confirms that the increase of ROS is a very rapid process, but at the same time it is not a direct consequence of apoptosis triggering, mediated by mitochondria.
Action of free and polymer carrier encapsulated doxorubicin towards HCT116 cells of human colorectal carcinoma
Yu. V. Senkiv1,2,4, P. Heffeter2, A. O. Riabtseva3, N. M. Boiko1,
O. S. Zaichenko3, N. Ye. Mitina3, W. Berger2, R. S. Stoika1
1Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv;
2Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria;
3National University Lviv Polytechnic, Ukraine;
4Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Ukraine;
e-mail: stoika@cellbiol.lviv.ua
Development of novel nanoscale functionalized carriers is nowadays one of the most urgent problems in cancer treatment. The aim of our study was to compare the antineoplastic effect of free doxorubicin and its complex with a nanoscale polymeric carrier towards HTC116 colorectal carcinoma cells. It was established that application of the complex of poly(5-tret-butylperoxy)-5-methyl-1-hexene-3-in-co-glycydyl metacrylat)-graft-polyethyleneglycol (poly(VEP-GMA-PEG)-graft-PEG), where VEP – 5-tret-butylperoxy)-5-methyl-1-hexene-3-in; GMA – glycydyl metacrylat; graft-PEG – graft-polyethyleneglycol accordingly, functionalized with phosphatidylcholine for doxorubicin delivery increased 10 times the efficiency of cytotoxic action of this drug, as compared wich such efficiency in case of the action of free doxorubicin. The encapsulated form of doxorubicin caused more intensive cleavage of the reparation enzyme PARP and longer delay in G2/M cell cycle arrest, compared to such effects of free doxorubicin. The developed carrier itself is non-toxic to the used mammalian cells and does not cause impairment in their cell cycle. A deletion in both alleles of p53 gene did not affect the antineoplastic action of doxorubicin that was immobilized on the nanoscale carrier. Thus, p53-dependent signaling pathways are not involved in the cytotoxic action of doxorubicin-carrier complex. It is suggested that novel nanoscale polymeric carrier poly(VEP-GMA-PEG)-graft-PEG functionalized with phosphatidylcholine could be a promising carrier for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs.
Biochemical effects of combined action of γ-irradiation and paclitaxel on anaplastic thyroid cancer cells
V. M. Pushkarev, O. I. Kovzun, V. V. Pushkarev, M. D. Tronko
State Institution V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: pushkarev.vm@gmail.com
The aim of the paper was to describe the biochemical effects of Paclitaxel (Ptx), γ-irradiation (IR) and their combination in undifferentiated thyroid cancer cells (ATC). IR activated common DNA damage-induced signaling and manifested certain mitogenic effect by inactivation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). There was clear antagonism between Ptx and IR relative to cell cycle regulators – tumor suppressor p53, pRb, CHK2 and c-Abl as well as proapoptotic Bax expression, but combined action of both agents enhanced caspase-3 and, especially, caspase-8 activation. The Ptx at low (1-25 nM) concentrations caused noticeable radioprotective effect.
Thus, in ATC cells the ionizing radiation and Ptx exhibited competitive effects upon phosphorylation of cell cycle controllers: p53, pRb, CHK2, cAbl and expression of Вах. At the same time, the combined effect of radiation and Ptx enhanced antiapoptotic Bcl-2 phosphorylation, caspases activation and survivin expression. The net effect of these events during the first 48-72 h of cells incubation can be considered as antiapoptotic – Ptx attenuated cytotoxic effect of IR.