Category Archives: Uncategorized
Sex differences in respiration and redox homeostasis of heart mitochondria in rats on high-fructose diet
O. Ivanova1, N. Gorbenko1, O. Borikov2, T. Kiprych1, K. Taran1
1SI “V. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems
of the NAMS of Ukraine”, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
2V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: ivolga3006@ukr.net
Received: 05 April 2024; Revised: 27 May 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September 2024
Sex hormones play a leading role in the sexual dimorphism of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress that are associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and considered as possible causes of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the work was to determine mitochondrial respiration and redox homeostasis in the heart mitochondria of high-fructose diet-fed (НFD) rats depending on sex. MetS was induced in Wistar rats by 8 weeks intake of fructose (200 g/l) with drinking water. The experiment was performed on 30 rats divided into five groups: control males, control females, HFD-fed males, HFD- fed females with intact ovaries, ovariectomized HFD-fed females. Heart mitochondria were isolated and indicators of redox homeostasis as well as mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate were determined. Heart mitochondria of intact female rats were characterized by a lower intensity of lipid peroxidation, a higher activity of antioxidant defense system and state 3 respiration in comparison with control males. HFD was shown to induce more expressed oxidative stress due to significant inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defese and more pronounced dysregulation of mitochondrial respiration in the heart mitochondria of ovariectomized females as compared to males. This data may partially explain the greater cardiovascular risk in women with low estrogen sufficiency and justify the necessity of new sex-specific prevention and treatment of cardiovascular risk approaches.
Effect of long-term ethanol consumption and a high-fat diet on mitochondrial respiration in rat pancreatic acinar cells and hepatocytes
O. O. Bilonoha*, H. M. Mazur, B. O. Manko,
O. R. Kulachkovsky, V. V. Manko
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: olha.bilonoha@lnu.edu.ua
Received: 26 March 2024; Revised: 09 May 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September b2024
Chronic alcohol consumption may cause pancreatitis and alcohol-related liver diseases. Both adaptation and damage of liver mitochondria in animals on chronic ethanol and high-fat diets were demonstrated. It is currently not clear if ethanol or its metabolites such as fatty acid ethyl esters can cause mitochondrial damage to the pancreas. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic ethanol administration in combination with a high-fat diet on mitochondrial respiration in both pancreatic acinar cells and hepatocytes of rats. Wistar male rats on a high-fat diet (35% calories) were administered ethanol (6 g/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 14 days. Pancreatic acini cells and hepatocytes were isolated with collagenase digestion. The respiration of isolated cells was studied with a Clark electrode. Ethanol administration to rats kept on a high-fat diet was followed by a rapid loss of animal weight during the first 5 days of the experiment and diminished secretory response of pancreatic acini to acetylcholine, however, no changes in acinar cells ultrastructure, basal, oligomycin-insensitive or FCCP-uncoupled respiration were found. Meanwhile ethanol caused a significant (~40%) increase in basal and maximal FCCP-uncoupled respiration rate of isolated hepatocytes. In conclusion, chronic ethanol administration to rats on a high-fat diet does not cause mitochondrial damage in the pancreas, while mitochondria of the liver adapt to ethanol by increasing respiration rate.
Myonectin, irisin, apelin-13 and Elabela hormones levels as biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus : a systematic review
Abdullah A. H. Al-Rubaye1*, Walaa E. Jasim2, Ahmed A. H. Mohsin2
1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq;
2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health
and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq;
*e-mail: abdulla.abbas@stu.edu.iq
Received: 16 May 2024; Revised: 23 June 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September 2024
Insulin resistance is thought to be a key pathophysiologic indicator underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, its pathophysiology is complex and remains uncertain. Myokines such as myonectin and irisin produced by muscle tissue were shown to impact the sensitivity to insulin and could play an essential role in the etiology of insulin resistance. Apelin and Elabela are endogenous peptide ligands of the angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) that are actively involved in the control of lipid and glucose metabolism, implying a vital role in the management of metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes. In this review, the data on the level of myonectin, irisin, apelin-13 and Elabela in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were analyzed.
The influence of micronutrients and macronutrients excess or deficiency on thyroid function
K. Brzdęk*, S. Wiśniewski, O. Domańska, W. Baran, M. Brzdęk
Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland;
*e-mail: brzdekinga@gmail.com
Received: 04 April 2024; Revised: 03 June 2024;
Accepted: 25 July 2024; Available on-line: 04 September 2024
The thyroid gland’s functionality is complex and is influenced by a variety of compounds, notably iodine, selenium, iron, calcium, thiamine (vitamin B1), vitamin B12 and vitamin D. This study aims to elucidate the significance of micronutrients and macronutrients in the functioning of the thyroid gland and explore how nutrient imbalances may lead to various thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer.
Progress of The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal thanks to Collaboration with RECOOP HST Association
M. Grigorieva1*, V. Chernyshenko1, S. Vari2
1Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2International Research and Innovation in Medicine Program,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
and President of the RECOOP HST Association;
*e-mail: mayagrigorieva@gmail.com
Received: 01 May 2024; Revised: 21 May 2024;
Accepted: 31 May 2024; Available on-line: 17 June 2024
The article examines the impact of cooperation between The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal (UBJ) and the international association RECOOP HST on the journal’s development in 2019-2023. During this period, 324 articles were published in the journal. Most of them are written by Ukrainian authors (79.9%). Foreign authors (20.1%) are representatives of 15 countries. An online manuscript handling and reviewing system were implemented on the journal’s website, which increased the number of articles received by the editorial office and allowed for a more careful selection of manuscripts at the initial evaluation stage. As a result, the percentage of rejected manuscripts increased from 36.5 to 67.7%. RECOOP’s support has also played a key role in improving the quality of UBJ’s publications through the renewal of its editorial board and expanding its international reviewer base. In collaboration with RECOOP, eight special issues of UBJ were produced separately, including four themed issues. In total, 56 articles (110 citations) were published in these issues. The number of visitors to UBJ’s website almost tripled during the mentioned period. Currently, UBJ’s Scimago Scientific Journal Rank (SJR) for 2022/2023 is 0.169, the h-index is 20, and the Impact Score is 0.63. A conclusion is made that the cooperation with RECOOP contributed to the publication of better scientific articles, the involvement of highly qualified experts in the peer review process, and stricter adherence by the journal to the fundamental provisions and ethical standards, thereby leading to an elevation in UBJ’s rating and recognition in the global scientific arena.
It is time to pay tribute to women in science: the women who won the Nobel prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine
T. V. Danylova1,2*, S. V. Komisarenko3
1Institute for Social and Political Psychology, National Academy
of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2The Graduate School for Social Research, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland;
*e-mail: danilova_tv@ukr.net;
3Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail:svk@biochem.kiev.ua
Received: 12 April 2024; Revised: 14 May 2024;
Accepted: 31 May 2024; Available on-line: 17 June 2024
In the 21st century, it is time to recognize the essential role of women in science. The study carried out by women-scientists makes it possible to combine brightness of mind, deep knowledge with humaneness and wisdom. Their approaches to the problems and the ways to solve them are largely determined by their maps of meaning and existential experience that can enrich and expand the scientific field and, as a result, can offer unexpected but most effective ways to solve the problem. However, women face obstacles in advancing their careers in science, and the situation is even more discouraging when it comes to winning science awards, the most prestigious of which is the Nobel Prize. Between 1901 and 2023, the Nobel Prizes were awarded 621 times to 965 individuals and 27 organizations, but only 64 of them were women-scientists. While we recognize and praise all women – Nobel laureates, this paper pays special attention to women who have received Nobel Prizes in Chemistry and Physiology or Medicine and briefly outlines their scientific achievements. A more detailed description of their life and scientific journey will be provided in subsequent articles.
Kinetic regularities and a possible mechanism of ATP non-enzymatic hydrolysis induced by calix[4]arene С-107
S. O. Kosterin1*, Т. О. Veklich1, O. І. Kalchenko2,
A. I. Vovk3*, R. V. Rodik2, О. А. Shkrabak1
1Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: kinet@biochem.kiev.ua;
2Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: manli@ioch.kiev.ua;
3V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: vovk@bpci.kiev.ua
Received: 08 February 2024; Revised: 27 March 2024;
Accepted: 31 May 2024; Available on-line: 17 June 2024
The kinetic model of calix[4]arene-induced ATP hydrolysis was elaborated. It is assumed that calix[4]arene С-107 molecules form a complex with nucleoside triphosphate, ensuring the release of inorganic phosphate Рі, and then switch into an inactive state. Inactive calix[4]arene molecules are no longer able to form a complex with ATP and, accordingly, to provide hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate. In the author’s experimental studies, it was possible to explain the kinetic properties of the reaction, namely: the insignificant output of the reaction end product Pi; the quantitative regularities of the plateau (time-wise) accumulation of the reaction product when the concentration of calix[4]arene C-107 or ATP changes; the reciprocal dependence of the ATP half conversion on its concentration; the correspondence of the initial reaction rate dependence on the calix[4]arene and ATP concentration to the Michaelis-Menten equation. The final decision regarding the molecular mechanism of calix[4]arene-induced ATP hydrolysis requires further experimental and theoretical studies.
Internal lipids and their fatty acids composition in a sheep wool fiber under biodestruction with fleece microorganisms
V. M. Tkachuk1*, P. V. Stapay2, N. Z. Ohorodnyk1, N. R. Motko3
1Lviv National Environmental University, Dubliany, Lviv Region, Ukraine;
2Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine;
3Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine
and Biotechnologies of Lviv, Ukraine;
*е-mail: vitalii-tkachuk@ukr.net
Received: 18 January 2024; Revised: 23 February 2024;
Accepted: 31 May 2024; Available on-line: 17 June 2024
Microbiological destruction of fibers is a common damage to sheep’s wool. Considering the defining role of internal lipids in the formation of wool fibers surface the aim of the work was to study the structure and lipid composition of the normal and damaged wool. The research was carried out on ewes of the Askanian fine-wool breed. The content of microorganisms was estimated after sowing on dense nutrient environments. Wool fibers surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy, the content of internal lipids by thin layer chromatography after preliminary alkaline hydrolysis of the fiber, and fatty acids composition by gas-liquid chromatography. Biodestructed wool was shown to contain almost three times more bacteria, as well as higher levels of actinomycetes and mushrooms compared to intact wool. The violation of the cuticular layer was detected as the result of the fleece microflora activity. In a defective wool the content of the free internal lipids and non-esterified fatty acids was increased while the content of protein-bound lipids and esterified cholesterol as well as of ceramides was decreased as compared to normal wool. The level of 18-methyleicosanoic acid in the protein-bound lipids of damaged wool was decreased, indicating the destruction of the thioester bonds by which structural lipids are covalently linked to proteins through 18-methyleicosanoic acid.
Iodide n,π-chelate complexes of platinum(II) based on N-allyl substituted thioureas and their effect on the activity of hepatobiliary system enzymes in comparison with chloride analogs
V. Orysyk1*, L. Garmanchuk2, S. Orysyk3, Yu. Zborovskii1,
S. Shishkina4, I. Stupak2, P. Novikova3, D. Ostapchenko2,
N. Khranovska5, V. Pekhnyo3, M. Vovk1
1Department of Functional Heterocyclic Systems Chemistry,
Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2Department of Biomedicine of Taras Shevchencko National University,
Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
3Department of Complex Compounds Chemistry, V.I. Vernadsky Institute of General
and Inorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
4Department of X-ray Diffraction Studies and Quantum Chemistry,
SSI “Institute for Single Crystals”, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
5National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: vis.viktorys@gmail.com
Received: 21 December 2023; Revised: 30 January 2024;
Accepted: 31 May 2024; Available on-line: 17 June 2024
The search for new effective drugs in the treatment of neoplasm remains relevant even today, since the adaptation of transformed cells to the action of classical drugs contributes to the emergence of drug resistance. This applies to a number of classic chemotherapy drugs of the platinum series, in particular cisplatin. In this work, we describe the effect of novel analogs of cisplatin on HepG2 cells and on the key enzyme of antioxidant protection system gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, which plays an important role in the acquisition of drug resistance to anticancer drugs by tumor cells. New mononuclear iodide n,π-chelate complexes of Pt(II) with substituted thioureas N-allylmorpholine-4-carbothioamide or 3-allyl-1,1-diethylthiourea were obtained as analogs of cisplatin. All compounds were investigated by UV-Vis, IR, and 1H/13С NMR spectra. Complex I was described by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Also, the effect of these analogs on alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, which are marker enzymes of liver cells, release of which into the blood indicates liver pathologies, was investigated. All studies were carried out in comparison with chloride n,π-chelate complexes of platinum obtained earlier (however, the effect of these chloride analogs of platinum on enzymes of the hepatobiliary system was investigated for the first time in this work). The results have shown that the studied compounds are better cytostatics/cytotoxics than cisplatin both according to IC50 and apoptosis level of HepG2 cells. It is established that, for the most part, effect of the studied complexes is reduced to a decrease in the degree of malignancy of cells of hepatocyte lines and the activity of LDH and GHT, as well as a decrease in consumed glucose.