Tag Archives: oxidative stress

Antioxidants as supplements during drug-induced thrombocytopenia: a comparative analysis of Vanillic acid, L-carnitine and Caripill™

M. Mithun, V. Rajashekaraiah*

Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences,
JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India;
*e-mail: vani.rs@jainuniversity.ac.in

Received: 20 September 2023; Revised: 07 November 2023;
Accepted: 01 February 2024; Available on-line: 26 February 2024

Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is a disorder where platelet count declines as an adverse effect of therapeutic drugs. Plant extract of C. papaya Caripill™ is known to elevate platelet count under thrombocytopenic conditions. To evaluate the contribution of supplements with antioxidant potential to treat DIT, the comparative study of Caripill™, vanillic acid L-carnitine effect on platelet count and indices of oxidative stress in a model of rat thrombocytopenia induced through oral administration of hydroxyurea was performed. Wistar rats were grouped into four categories with five animals in each group: control (without any treatment); control + antioxidants; thrombocytopenia; thrombocytopenia + antioxidants. The above-mentioned antioxidants were supplemented orally at 50 mg/kg for 7 days. The level of lipid peroxidation products­, superoxides, protein carbonyls and sulfhydryls, SOD and CAT activity in isolated platelets as oxidative stress markers, and indices of platelets aggregation and ATP secretion as functional markers were used. Vanillic acid was shown to be beneficial, similar to Caripill™, during hydroxyurea-induced thrombocytopenia by maintaining platelet functions, enhancing both the antioxidant capacity of platelets and its number. L-carnitine efficiently up-regulated the enzymatic antioxidants, maintained platelet functions and protected lipids and proteins from oxidation in thrombocytopenic rats, however, it could not improve the platelet count. These findings open new avenues for employing the studied antioxidants as supplements for therapeutic purposes.

Response of the antioxidant system of wheat seedlings with different genotypes to exogenous prooxidants: the relationship with resistance to abiotic stressors

T. O. Yastreb1,2, A. I. Kokorev2, B. E. Makaova3, N. I. Ryabchun2,
T. V. Sakhno3, A. P. Dmitriev4, Yu. E. Kolupaev2,3*

1Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic;
2Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy
of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
3Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine;
4Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: plant_biology@ukr.net

Received: 08 September 2023; Revised: 03 November 2023;
Accepted: 01 December 2023; Available on-line: 18 December 2023

Oxidative stress is an important component of heat- and drought-induced damage in plants. However­, information on the relationship between the resistance of cultivated plants with different genotypes to environmental factors and their ability to maintain a pro-/antioxidant balance remains contradictory. This study aimed to compare the growth responses and adaptation ability of the antioxidant system in different wheat cultivars to oxidative stress agents hydrogen peroxide and iron(II) sulfate. Etiolated seedlings of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Antonivka and Tobak (heat- and drought-tolerant), and Avgustina and Doskonala (not resistant to heat and drought) were used for the study. Three-day-old etiolated seedlings were exposed to 50 mM H2O2 or 5 mM FeSO4 for one day. It was found that seedlings of Antonivka and Tobak cultivars treated with H2O2 or FeSO4 were able to maintain relatively intensive growth, accumulated significantly lower amounts of endogenous hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products, significantly increased anthocyanin content and had a higher activity of SOD and catalase as compared with non-resistant cultivars. The non-tolerant cultivars’ response to stress agents was only to increase proline content with a simultaneous decrease in SOD activity and anthocyanins content. The identified varietal markers of the antioxidant system adaptive strategy can be used to develop new approaches for screening wheat cultivars with cross-resistance to major abiotic stressors.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid modulates antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in seedlings of Triticum aestivum cultivars differing in drought tolerance

Yu. E. Kolupaev1,2,3*, I. V. Shakhov1,3, A. I. Kokorev1,
L. Kryvoruchko2, T. O. Yastreb1,4

1Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
*e-mail: plant_biology@ukr.net;
2Poltava State Agrarian University, Poltava, Ukraine;
3State Biotechnological University, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
4Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic

Received: 28 August 2023; Revised: 30 September 2023;
Accepted: 27 October 2023; Available on-line: 06 November 2023

The stress-protective effects of plant neurotransmitters, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been intensively examined in recent years. However, studies on the GABA influence on stress protective systems in bread wheat cultivars with different drought adaptation strategies are still lacking. The aim of this work was to estimate the GABA effect on the state of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in etiolated seedlings of two wheat cultivars differing significantly in drought tolerance, namely Doskonala (non-drought-resistant) and Tobak (drought-resistant) under model drought induced by PEG 6000. Two-day-old seedlings were transferred to 15% PEG 6000 and incubated for two days in the absence or presence of GABA. Treatment with 0.1 and 0.5 mM GABA significantly reduced the growth-inhibitory effect of PEG 6000 on the roots and shoots of both cultivars, but to a greater extent on those of non-resistant Doskonala. It was shown that GABA treatment reduced drought-induced accumulation of H2O2 and MDA, stabilized SOD and GPX activity, the level of sugars, anthocyanins and flavonoids in seedlings of both cultivars. Meanwhile GABA treatment enhanced the stress-induced increase in proline content in the Doskonala cultivar, but decreased it in the Tobak, completely prevented stress induced decrease in anthocyanins and flavonoids level in the Tobak and only partially in Doskonala cultivar. Thus, the stabilization of the stress-protective systems functioning in the wheat cultivars and variety-dependent differences in response to GABA were revealed.

The effect of L-glutamic acid and N-acetylcysteine administration on biochemical blood parameters in rats treated with CCl(4)

N. O. Salyha

Institute of Animal Biology NAAS of Ukraine, Lviv;
е-mail: ynosyt@yahoo.com

Received: 30 March 2023; Revised: 19 May 2023;
Accepted: 05 June 2023; Available on-line: 20 June 2023

A toxic organic substance CCl4 is a well known model compound for studying detoxification function of the liver and developing oxidative stress. The goal of the study was to estimate the effect of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on rat blood parameters upon the toxic effects of CCl4. Experimental male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4, the rats of CCl4/L‑Glu group were additionally injected with L-Glu (750 mg/kg), of CCl4/NAC group – with NAC (150 mg/kg), of CCl4/L-Glu/NAC group – with L-Glu (750 mg/kg) and NAC (150 mg/kg). The duration of the experiment was 24 h. Increased level of lipid peroxides, TBARS, triacylglycerols, cholesterol and decreased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase activity and GSH content were observed in the blood of the CCl4 treated animals compared to the control untreated group. When animals were additionally injected with L-Glu or L-Glu/NAC, the most of the studied indicators were shown to be close to the control level These results suggest that the mentioned above aminoacids attenuated CCl4-induced oxidative stress in the blood of rats.

Oxydative stress in type 2 diabetic patients: involvement of HIF-1 alpha AND mTOR genes expression

Y. A. Saenko1, O. O. Gonchar2*, I. M. Mankovska2,
T. I. Drevytska2, L. V. Bratus2, B. M. Mankovsky1,3

1SI “The Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery
of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”, Clinic for Adults, Kyiv;
2Department of Hypoxia, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology,
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
3Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail:olga.gonchar@i.ua

Received: 22 March 2023; Revised: 25 May 2023;
Accepted: 05 June 2023; Available on-line:  20 June 2023

Biochemical and genetic mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in the blood of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied. Twenty patients with T2DM and 10 healthy persons participated in this study. Lipid peroxidation, the content of protein carbonyls and H2O2 production were measured in blood plasma and erythrocytes as OS biomarkers. Activity of SOD, catalase, and GPx as well as reduced glutathionе (GSH) level in plasma and erythrocytes were estimated. The gene expression of key regulators of oxygen and metabolic homeostasis (HIF-1α and mTOR) in leukocytes were studied. It was found a significant rise in TBARS and protein carbonyls content in plasma as well as H2O2 production in erythrocytes from patients with T2DM compared to control. The diabetic patients also demonstrated an increase in the SOD and catalase activity in plasma and significantly lower GSH content and GPx activity in erythrocytes compared to the healthy participants. The established marked inhibition of mTOR gene expression and the tendency to an increase in HIF-1α gene expression in leukocytes of patients with T2DM may serve as a protective mechanism which counteracts OS developing and oxidative cell damage.

Indices of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in seedlings of winter wheat cultivars with different frost resistance

T. O. Yastreb1, Yu. E. Kolupaev1,2*, A. I. Kokorev1, B. E. Маkaova2,
N. I. Ryabchun1, O. A. Zmiievska1, G. D. Pospielova2

1Yuriev Plant Production Institute, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv;
2Poltava State Agrarian University, Ukraine;
*e-mail: plant_biology@ukr.net

Received: 02 January 2023; Revised: 27 January 2023;
Accepted: 13 April 2023; Available on-line:  27 April 2023

The functioning of the stress-protective systems of wheat under the action of cold at the early stages of plant development remains poorly studied. The aim of this work was a comparative study of antioxidant activity and the content of sugars and proline as indicators of osmoprotective activity during cold adaptation of seedlings of seven winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars that differ significantly in frost resistance. The 3-day-old etiolated seedlings were hardened at 2°C for 6 days and then frozen for 5 h at -6 or -9°C. Two days after freezing, the survival of seedlings was assessed by their ability to grow. A decrease in ROS content, an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and guaiacol peroxidase and accumulation of sugars in the shoots of high-frost-resistant cultivars during hardening were detected. The absolute values of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity correlated positively with the frost resistance of seedlings. The negative correlation between the frost tolerance of the cultivars and the accumulation of proline in the seedlings during hardening was recorded. The possibility of using the studied biochemical indices for frost resistance screening of winter wheat varieties at the seedling stage was stated.

Rhabdomyolysis attenuates activity of semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase as the marker of nephropathy in diabetic rats

O. Hudkova*, I. Krysiuk, L. Drobot, N. Latyshko

Department of Cell Signaling, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: ogudkova@biohem.kiev.ua

Received: 22 December 2021; Accepted: 21 January 2022

Amine oxidases are involved in the progression of many diseases and their complications, including renal failure, due to the generation of the three toxic metabolites (H2O2, aldehydes, and ammonia) in the course of biogenic amines oxidative deamination. The participation of the first two products in kidney pathogenesis was confirmed, whereas the role of ammonia as a potential inducer of the nitrozative stress is not yet understood. The aim of the present study was to test how further intensification of oxidative stress would affect diabetes-mediated metabolic changes. For this purpose, a rat model of glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis, as a source of powerful oxidative stress due to the release of labile Fe3+ from ruptured myocytes, on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used. The experimental animal groups were as follows: group 1 – ‘Control’, group 2 – ‘Diabetes’, group 3 – ‘Diabetes + rhabdomyolysis’. A multifold increase in semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity in the kidney and blood, free radicals (FR), MetHb and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels in the blood, as well as the emergence of HbNO in plasma and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) in the liver of animals in group 2 as compared to control were revealed. An additional increase in FR, HbNO levels in the blood, and DNICs in the liver of animals in the diabetes + rhabdomyolysis group as compared to the diabetes group, which correlated with the appearance of a large amount of Fe3+ in the blood of group 3 animals, was detected. Unexpectedly, we observed the positive regulatory effects in animals of the diabetes + rhabdomyolysis group, in particular, a decreased SSAO activity in the kidney and 3-NT level in plasma, as well as the normalization of activity of pro- and antioxidant enzymes in the blood and liver compared to animals of diabetes group. These consequences mediated by rhabdomyolysis may be the result of NO exclusion from the circulation due to the excessive formation of NO stable complexes in the blood and liver. The data obtained allow us to consider SSAO activity as a marker of renal failure in diabetes mellitus. In addition, we suggest a significant role of nitrosative stress in the development of pathology, and, therefore, recommend NO-traps in the complex treatment of diabetic complications.

Dietary protein defines stress resistance, oxidative damages and antioxidant defense system in Drosophila melanogaster

O. Strilbytska1*, A. Zayachkivska1, T. Strutynska1,
U. Semaniuk1, A. Vaiserman2, O. Lushchak1,3*

1Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University,
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
2D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, NAMS, Kyiv, Ukraine;
3Research and Development Institute, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
*e-mail: olya_b08@ukr.net or oleh.lushchak@pnu.edu.ua

Received: 06 April 2021; Accepted: 22 September 2021

Dietary interventions have been previously shown to influence lifespan in diverse model organisms. Manipulations with macronutrients content including protein and amino acids have a significant impact on various fitness and behavioral traits in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Therefore, we asked if yeast amount of the diet could influence stress resistance and antioxidant defense system in Drosophila. We examined the effects of four diets differing in the relative level of yeast, as a source of protein, on resistance to cold, heat, starvation and oxidative stress induced by menadione as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of oxidative stress markers. Protein restriction as well protein-enriched diet led to a reduction of survival under starvation and oxidative stress conditions. However, enhanced resistance to heat shock was affected by high yeast concentration in the diet. Also, protein-rich diets resulted in higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. Increased levels of protein thiols, low-molecule mass thiols, lipid peroxides in response to high yeast concentration in the diet were detected in females only. Thus, we can assume that consumption of a high protein diet could induce oxidative stress in fruit fly.

Metallothioneins involment in the pathogenesis of synovial tissue inflammation in rats with acute gonarthritis

T. R. Matskiv1,2, D. V. Lytkin3, S. K. Shebeko3, V. V. Khoma2,
V. V. Martyniuk2, L. L. Gnatyshyna1,2, O. B. Stoliar2*

1I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Department of General Chemistry, Ternopil, Ukraine;
2Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Department of Chemistry and Methods its Teaching, Ternopil, Ukraine;
3National University of Pharmacy, Educational and Scientific Institute of Applied Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: Oksana.Stolyar@tnpu.edu.ua

Received: 02 June 2021; Accepted: 22 September 2021

Zinc (Zn) is involving in the suppressing of inflammation. However, its functionality in the knee joint under the gonarthritis (GA) is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of Zn-buffering and stress responsive proteins metallothioneins (MTs) in the pathogenesis of the synovial tissues under the experimental acute GA. The inflammation was induced in rats by intra-articular administration of carrageenan. The concentrations of MTs total protein (MTSH), Zn-bound protein (Zn-MTs), total Zn concentration in the tissue, the indexes of oxidative stress and cholinesterase activity were determined. The level of sialic acids was indicated in the blood serum. The enhancing of sialic acids concentration by 42% and cholinesterase depletion confirmed the pathology. In the animals with GA, total level of Zn in the tissue was correspondent to control. However, the MTSH and Zn-MT levels were elevated (by 79 and 46% respectively). This disproportionate rate can be due to partial oxidation of thiols. The superoxide dismutase activity was elevated, radical scavenging activity and protein carbonylation were correspondent to control, but the levels of catalase, glutathione–S-transferase and glutathione  were decreased by 28-44%, and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was increased by 59% compared to control group. Principal Component Analysis confirmed the strong interrelations between MTs and peroxide-related oxidative stress indexes. This preliminary study provides the basis for the understanding of the reason for Zn imbalance in the acute GA as the result of the impairment of thiol redox balance and proposes these biomarkers for the evaluation of knee joint pathologies.

Oxidative stress in rat heart mitochondria under a rotenone model of Parkinson’ disease: a corrective effect of capicor treatment

O. O. Gonchar*, O. O. Klymenko, T. I. Drevytska,
L. V. Bratus, I. M. Mankovska

Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: olga.gonchar@i.ua

Received: 22 March 2021; Accepted: 22 September 2021

Biochemical and genetic mechanisms of oxidative stress (OS) developing in rat heart mitochondria were studied in a rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the effect of Capicor (combination of meldonium dihydrate and gamma-butyrobetain dihydrate) on these mechanisms was evaluated. Experiments  were carried out on adult male Wistar rats: I – intact rats (control); II –with rotenone administration subcutaneously at dose 3 mg/kg per day along 2 weeks; III – with rotenone/Capicor administration: after rotenone intoxication, capicor was injected intraperitoneally at dose 50 mg/kg per day along following 2 weeks. As OS biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative modification, H2O2 production, the activity of MnSOD, GPx and glutathione pool indexes were measured. The PD-related genes Parkin (PARK2) and DJ-1 (PARK7) as well as MnSOD and DJ-1 protein expressions were detected. Rotenone intoxication increased the intensity of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative modification, and H2O2 production. These events were accompanied by decreased in GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio, and GPx activity. Increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defenses could result from the established DJ-1 gene and DJ-1 protein deficiency. Capicor administration increased  the endogenous antioxidant defense, weakening the lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins. Capicor treatment led to an increase in GSH content and GSH/GSSG ratio in heart mitochondria that may serve as additional indicators of the OS intensity reducing. Capicor promoted overexpression of DJ-1 and PARK2 genes in the heart that may indicate a rise in mitophagy and a decrease in OS.