Tag Archives: oxidative stress
Carbohydrate restriction in the larval diet causes oxidative stress in adult insects of Drosophila melanogaster
B. M. Rovenko, V. I. Lushchak, O. V. Lushchak
Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine;
е-mail address: olehl@pu.if.ua
The influence of 20 and 1% glucose and fructose, which were components of larval diet, on the level of oxidized proteins and lipids, low molecular mass antioxidant content as well as activities of antioxidant and associated enzymes in adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. The restriction of carbohydrates in larval diet leads to oxidative stress in adult insects. It is supported by 40–50% increased content of protein carbonyl groups and by 60–70% decreased level of protein thiol groups as well as by a 4-fold increase of lipid peroxide content in 2-day-old flies of both sexes, developed on the diet with 1% carbohydrates. Oxidative stress, induced by carbohydrate restriction of the larval diet, caused the activation of antioxidant defence, differently exhibited in male and female fruit flies. Caloric restriction increased activity of superoxide dismutase and thioredoxin reductase associating only in males with 2-fold higher activity of NADPH-producing enzymes – glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Carbohydrate restriction in the larval diet caused the increase of uric acid content, but the decrease in catalase activity in males. In females the values of these parameters were changed in opposite direction compared with males. The obtained results let us conclude the different involvement of low molecular mass antioxidants, glutathione and uric acid, and antioxidant enzyme catalase in the protection of male and female fruit fly macromolecules against oxidative damages, caused by calorie restriction of larval diet.
The alkaloid-free fraction from Galega officinalis extract prevents oxidative stress under experimental diabetes mellitus
M. I. Lupak, M. R. Khokhla, G. Ya. Hachkova, O. P. Kanyuka,
N. I. Klymyshyn, Ya. P. Chajka, M. I. Skybitska, N. O. Sybirna
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine;
е-mail: sybirna_natalia@yahoo.com
The effect of alkaloid-free fraction from Galega officinalis extract on the process of formation of reactive oxygen species and indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant balance was investigated in rat peripheral blood under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus. It was shown that alkaloid-free fraction from Galega officinalis extract prevents oxidative stress development in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, providing antioxidant and antiradical mobilization mechanisms to protect the blood system. In the case of extract application to animals with studied pathology, one can observe a reducing effect of reactive oxygen species generation in leukocytes, inhibition of proteins and lipids oxidative modification processes and increased activity of key enzymes of rat peripheral blood antioxidant system (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase). The revealed biological effect could be explained by the presence of biologically active substances with antioxidant properties in the extract composition (phytol and flavonoids).
Oxidative stress and the enzyme system of aldehyde catabolism in the muscle mitochondria of immobilized pubertal rats
Amjad Hamdallah1, V. V. Davydov2, V. N. Shvets3
1V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Ukraine;
2SU Institute of Children and Adolescent Health Care, National Academy
of Medical Science of Ukraine;
3Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ukraine;
e-mail: vaddavydov@mail.ru
The aim of the work is to find out peculiarities in manifestation of oxidative stress and to determine activity of enzymes, responsible for utilization of endogenous aldehydes in the mitochondrial fraction of the skeletal (femoral) muscle in pubertal rats during immobilization stress. Our study has shown that differently directed changes in the activity of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases and aldehyde reductases occur in the pubertal immobilized rats, that limits the catabolism effectiveness as regards carbonyl products of free radical oxidation in the muscle cells. Corroboration of the effect under consideration is an increased level of protein free radical oxidation products in the mitochondria of the skeletal muscle. On the basis of the obtained data the authors draw a conclusion about an increased sensitivity of the skeletal muscle to the oxidative stress impact due to modulation in the state of enzyme system, responsible for utilization of endogenous aldehydes in the mitochondria.
Vitamin D(3) contribution to the regulation of oxidative metabolism in the liver of diabetic mice
D. O. Labudzynskyi, O. V. Zaitseva, N. V. Latyshko,
O. O. Gudkova, M. M. Veliky
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: konsumemt3@gmail.com
This work is devoted to the study of the features of oxidative metabolism of hepatocytes in diabetic mice and those under the vitamin D3 action. We found out that a 2.5-fold decrease of 25OHD3 content in the serum was caused by chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes. Intensification of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen monoxide (NO) production, protein oxidative modifications (detected by the contents of carbonyl groups and 3-nitrotyrosine), accumulation of diene conjugates and TBA-reactive products of lipid peroxidation, and the decreased level of free SH-groups of low molecular weight compounds in the liver were accompanied by development of vitamin D3 deficient state. It was shown that there was a decrease in the key antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, SOD), while the activity of prooxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, xanthine oxidase and NAD(P)H oxidase was increased. The identified oxidative metabolism lesions caused the elevation of the hepatocytes necrotic death that was tested for the ability of their nuclei to accumulate propidium iodide. Prolonged vitamin D3 administration (during 2 months) at a dose of 20 IU to diabetic mice helps to reduce the ROS formation and biomacromolecules oxidative damage, normalizes the antioxidant system state in the liver and increases survival of hepatocytes. The results suggest that vitamin D3 is a key player in the regulation of the oxidative metabolism in diabetes.
Functions of tocopherols in the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
V. M. Mokrosnop
M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: VictoryM6@yandex.ua
Tocopherol synthesis has only been observed in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae and some cyanobacteria). Tocopherol is synthesized in the inner membrane of chloroplasts and distributed between chloroplast membranes, thylakoids and plastoglobules. Physiological significance of tocopherols for human and animal is well-studied, but relatively little is known about their function in plant organisms. Among the best characterized functions of tocopherols in cells is their ability to scavenge and quench reactive oxygen species and fat-soluble by-products of oxidative stress. There are the data on the participation of different mechanisms of α-tocopherol action in protecting photosystem II (PS II) from photoinhibition both by deactivation of singlet oxygen produced by PS II and by reduction of proton permeability of thylakoid membranes, leading to acidification of lumen under high light conditions and activation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Additional biological activity of tocopherols, independent of its antioxidant functions have been demonstrated. Basic mechanisms for these effects are connected with the modulation of signal transduction pathways by specific tocopherols and, in some instances, by transcriptional activation of gene expression.
Antioxidant status and glutathione redox potential of erythrocytes in patients with acute coronary syndrome
I. V. Buko1, L. Z. Polonetsky1, A. G. Mrochek1, A. G. Moiseenok2
1Republican Scientific-Practical Center Cardiology, Minsk;
e-mail: buko_iv@rambler.ru;
2Scientific-Practical Center for Foodstuffs,
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk
Indicators of oxidative stress (OS), systemic inflammation, metabolism and redox status of glutathione (GSH) were investigated and compared in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on electrocardiograms (STEMI), and patients with unstable angina (UA). The elevated and decreased myeloperoxidase level, superoxide dismutase activity, and moderate increased plasma levels of interleukin-6, while maintaining the antioxidant potential, were found in Group 1. Disorders in pro-/antioxidant balance and systemic inflammatory response were manifested in UA. Increased GSH concentration (and total GSH) in erythrocytes has been established for STEMI patients and the decreased GSH for UA patients. Thus, a significant shift of erythrocytes redox to oxidization and increase (unlike STEMI patients) of glutathione peroxidase activity were recorded. Mechanisms of the pro- and antioxidant functions of red blood cells in acute coronary syndrome are considered. The role of red blood cell glutathione to provide more oxidized intravascular environment for S-glutathionylation and optimization of redox signaling in target cells is pronounced.
Biophysical parameters of erythrocyte membranes and mechanisms of interaction with non-opioid analgesics under acute pain syndrome
Yu. I. Gubskyi1, T. A. Buhtiarova1, H. G. Goriushko1, N. V. Litvinova1,
G. I. Paramonova2, T. N. Kurapova1, O. N. Velychko1, L. P. Babenko1
1SI Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2SI D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: iurigala@ukr.net
Methods of fluorescent probing, spectrophotometry and microcalorimetry were applied to investigate the alterations in biophysical parameters of erythrocytes membranes, and specifically microviscosity, surface charge, molecular organization of lipid bilayer and lipid-protein interactions under conditions of acute pain syndrome produced by experimental chemical lesion. The distinctive features of non-opiod analgesics interactions and binding to the erythrocytes membranes of rats subjected to acute nociceptive pain accompanied with oxidative stress development were investigated. The abilities of analgesics under research, and namely paracetamol, aspirin, phenazone, ketorolac, pyrodazole, ketoprofenum, natrium mefenaminate, indometacin, nimesulide to make up physico-chemical complexes with lipoperoxidation modified erythrocytes surface and protein-lipid bilayer showed marked changes. The significance of oxidative damage of biophase under conditions of acute pain syndrome for analgesics effective pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics realization is under consideration.
Aldehydes participation in oxidative stress in rat thymocytes in vitro
K. О. Tokarchuk, О. V. Zaitseva
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
e-mail: kate_tokarchuk@ukr.net
A variety of lipid radicals are formed under oxidative stress development. The further oxidation of these radicals leads to formation of numerous aldehydes. They can form postsynthetic modifications in proteins and nucleic acids that disrupt their functions. In the present study aldehydes role in the formation of oxidative stress parameters in rat thymocytes was investigated. Two models were used: iron-stimulated oxidative stress and exogenous aldehydes exposure to thymocytes.
For oxidative stress induction, thymocytes (2×106 cells/ml HBSS, рН 7.2) were exposed to different concentrations of FeSO4 (20, 30, 40 μМ) and ascorbic acid (100 μМ) for 6 h. It resulted in increase of levels of aldehydes 29 times (90 ± 6 nmol/107 cells), these changes led to increase of TBARS levels 4.4 times; the levels of protein CO groups 10 times, cell mitochondrial activity and low-molecular weight SH groups were decreased 1.5 and 2.3 times, respectively. Treatment with aldehydes acceptor dimedone (200 μМ) significantly decreased the levels of aldehydes 3.7 times, TBARS 1.6 times and protein CO groups 5 times. It was shown that the levels of cell mitochondrial activity increase 1.4 times and the levels of SH groups 1.8 times.
To compare the effects of aldehydes in induction of oxidative stress, thymocytes (2×106 cells/ml HBSS, рН 7.2) were exposed to 50-600 μМ formaldehyde (FA), 50-600 μМ glyoxal (GL), 50-600 μМ methylglyoxal (MGL), 1-15 μМ acrolein (АCR) for 6 h. TBARS levels were increased for FA 1.3 times and for other aldehydes about 5-7 times. The levels of protein CO groups were increase for FA 3.7 times, for MGL 7 times, for GL 13 times, for ACR 22 times. Levels of SH groups were decreased for FA 1.5 times, for MGL 2.6 times, for GL 3 times, for ACR 9 times. A decrease of cell mitochondrial activity 1.5 times observe for all aldehydes. Obtained results prove the aldehydes participation in the formation of oxidative stress parameters and their capability to oxidative stress induction in the rat thymocytes.