Category Archives: Uncategorized
Cytochrome P450 dependent free radical processes in the liver microsomes of rats administered diethyl phthalate
О. V. Kеtsa*, М. М. Маrchenko
Educational and Scientific Institute of Biology, Chemistry and Natural Resources,
Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine;
*e-mail: o.ketsa@chnu.edu.ua
Received: 28 May 2025; Revised: 03 July 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September 2025
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely used as a plasticizer and aromatic additive in various consumer products. Biotransformation of this xenobiotic occurs through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) -hydroxylating system, the catalytic cycle of which is accompanied by ROS generation in uncoupling reactions. The present study investigated the effects of DEP administration on the CYP-dependent ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in the rat liver microsomes. The experiment was conducted on three groups of purebred white rats: control (intact animals); rats orally administered with DEP at a dose of 2.5 or 5.4 mg/kg b.w per day for 21 days. CYP-mediated ROS generation was initiated by adding 0.24 μmol/l NADPH to the incubation mixture. It was found that daily administration of DEP at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg led to an increase in the rate of O2•– formation, H2O2 content, and intensification of lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomes only on the 21st day of the experiment. In contrast, administration of DEP at a dose of 5.4 mg/kg resulted in increased content of primary, secondary and final lipid peroxidation products as early as on the 14th day of xenobiotic exposure, indicating a dose- and time-dependent effect of DEP on the oxidative stress intensity in liver microsomes.
Thiacalix[4]arene С-1193 – a promising inhibitor of the sodium pump in the uterine smooth muscle cells
O. V. Maliuk1*, T. O. Veklich1, O. V. Tsymbalyuk2, O. V. Bevza1,
S. O. Cherenok3, A. I. Selikhova3, V. I. Kalchenko3, S. O. Kosterin1
1Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine;
*e-mail: sanya2000ua@gmail.com;
2Educational and Scientific Institute of High Technologies,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine;
3Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Received: 29 May 2025; Revised: 18 July 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September 2025
Thiacalix[4]arene C-1193 (25,27-dibutoxythiacalix[4]arene-bis-hydroxymethylphosphonic acid) was shown to inhibit the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase with a high efficiency (І0.5 = 42.1 ± 0.6 nM) with no effect on the activity of Mg2+-ATPase, Са2+-ATPase and Са2+,Mg2+-ATPase in the plasma membrane fraction of rat uterine smooth muscle cells. The kinetic regularities of the C-1193 inhibitory effect on Na+,K+-ATPase activity were investigated. It was demonstrated that C-1193 increased the enzyme activation constant by Na+ but not by K+ ions. The contractile activity of the rat uterine horns was investigated by tenzometric methods with the use of longitudinal uterine smooth muscle strips with intact endometrium. С-1193 induced a considerable increase in the amplitude of the acetylcholine-induced contractions as well as the maximal velocity of the contraction and relaxation phases. No effect of С-1193 on contractive activity induced by the selective agonist of М3-cholinoreceptors cevimeline was observed. The results of computer simulation showed that С-1193inhibitory effect must be related to the cooperative action of methylene bisphosphonate fragments on the upper rim of the calixarene platform, and the linker sulfur atoms of calixarene “cup” on the Na+,K+-ATPase macrostructure.
ABTS oxidation reaction as a model of cytochrome c-driven electron transfer
F. Gudratova, A. Aliyeva, S. Mahmudova, K. Gasimov, T. Yusifov*
Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Science and Education
of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku;
*e-mail: tjussifo@ucla.edu
Received: 23 May 2025; Revised: 24 July 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September2025
Cytochrome c, as an electron carrier within the mitochondria, plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain. To meet the demand for rapid methods that assess the electron transport properties of cytochrome c, we used the electron donor 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) as a substrate and suitable spectrophotometric reporter of cytochrome c peroxidase-like activity. ABTS and cytochrome c from bovine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. The time course of the cytochrome c-driven ABTS oxidation reaction was studied using H2O2 as a second substrate. It was demonstrated that CytC addition is a prerequisite for the transfer of electrons from ABTS to H2O2. The reaction kinetic analysis with determination of Vmax, Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values for both substrates was performed. Our results demonstrate that the cytochrome c-catalyzed ABTS oxidation reaction can be effectively employed as a model for studying the functional role of cytochrome c in various conditions.
Experimental preeclampsia development depends on vitamin D(3) status in female wistar rats
I. V. Poladych1*, I. O. Shymanskyi2, M. M. Veliky2, D. O. Govsieiev1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No 1,
Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine;
2Department of Biochemistry of Vitamins and Coenzymes,
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
*e-mail: iren.poladich@gmail.com
Received: 08 May 2025; Revised: 24 August 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September 2025
Deficiency of vitamin D3 during pregnancy is a widespread challenge associated with increased risk of complications, particularly preeclampsia (PE), a serious condition characterized by hypertension with proteinuria. This research aimed to study the experimental preeclampsia rates in pregnant rats depending on the vitamin D3 supply. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: control; vitamin D3-deficient for 60 days before mating; vitamin D3-deficient with oral vitamin D3 supplement (1000 IU/kg b.w.t) two weeks before mating. Subgroups with and without PE induction were analyzed. PE was induced by administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The blood level of vitamin D3 was measured using a 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ELISA kit. Proteinuria was assessed using semi-quantitative urine test strips “Prototest”. The highest blood pressure and proteinuria levels were recorded in animals with combined vitamin D3 deficiency and induced preeclampsia. Administration of vitamin D3 contributed to normalization of hemodynamic parameters and kidney function, indicating the importance of an adequate vitamin D3 status for pregnancy health and PE prevention.
Chemerin-adiponectin axis in hypothyroidism
M. K. Najim1*, A. F. Al-Shukri2
1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology,
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq;
Thi-Qar Health Directorate, Al-Rifae Teaching Hospital;
*e-mail: murtadha.najeem.chm@student.atu.edu.iq;
2Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology,
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq;
e-mail: kin.ebt@atu.edu.iq
Received: 09 April 2025; Revised: 30 June 2025;
Accepted: 12 September 2025; Available on-line: 17 September 2025
Hypothyroidism disrupts energy and metabolism due to insufficient thyroid hormones production, leading to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Recent studies have demonstrated the impact of adipokines, chemerin and adiponectin on thyroid function. This review analyzes the involvement of these hormones in the metabolic and inflammatory complications of hypothyroidism, their effects and interactions through complex signaling pathways, as well as their possible contribution to the etiology and treatment of hypothyroidism, considering the importance of integrating biomarker data.
Astaxanthin as an antioxidant: exploring its potential in prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction
A. A. Badri1*, N. N. Ayu Dewi2, I. A. I. Wahyuniari3
1Master Program in Biomedical Science, Anti-Aging Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia;
2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia;
3Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia;
*e-mail: ameliabadri940@gmail.com
Received: 03 February 2025; Revised: 21 May 2025;
Accepted: 11 June 2025; Available on-line: 07 July 2025
Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid with a powerful antioxidant activity, high stability and the ability to cross both the blood-brain and the blood-retinal barriers. It demonstrates significant potential in mitigating diseases related to oxidative stress. Mitochondria are the organelles most susceptible to molecular damage caused by oxidative stress, transcriptional pathways regulated by Nrf2 and PGC-1 play the crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial function and biogenesis. In this review the molecular mechanism of astaxanthin influence on Nrf2 and PGC-1α pathways and cellular health are analysed.