Category Archives: Uncategorized
Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on oxidative stress and Bax and Bcl2 expression in the kidney tissue of rats exposed to lead
M. Gholami1, A. B. Harchegani2, S. Saeedian3,
M. Owrang4, M. R. Parvizi1*
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
3Medical Genomic Research Center, Tehran Medicine Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
4Faculty of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran;
*e-mail: mparvizi@alumnus.tums.ac.ir
Received: 30 May 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2021
This study aimed to consider the lead-induced oxidative damage of the kidney of male rats and the role of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preserving cells against Pb toxicity. Rats were randomly divided into five groups including G1 (control), G2 (single 70 mg/kg dose of Pb), G3 (continuous daily 2 mg/kg dosing of Pb for 4 weeks), G4 (single dose of Pb + 50 mg/kg NAC), and G5 (continuous daily dosing of Pb + 50 mg/kg NAC). The level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity were measured spectrophotometrically.The level of Pb in serum and kidney tissue was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Expression of Bax and Bcl2 genes was estimated using RT-PCR. It was shown that single and continuous exposure to Pb caused a considerable increase of Pb content in serum and kidney tissue of rats in G2 and G3 groups compared to other groups. NAC treatment significantly improved TAC values and decreased MDA values in the serum of rats exposed to Pb. Single and continuous Pb dosing caused a 3.9- and 13.1-fold increase in Bax expression and 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold decrease in Bcl2 expression in a kidney tissue respectively. The current study revealed that single and especially continuous Pb exposure was strongly associated with Pb accumulation, antioxidant depletion, oxidative stress and kidney cells apoptosis. NAC can help protect kidney tissue against Pb by elevating antioxidant capacity, mitigating oxidative stress and normalizing Bax and Bcl2 genes expression.
Leptin and curcumin affect renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulation of P65 and Bax genes expression
M. M. Ragy1, M. M. Ramzy2*
1Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Misr-Aswan Road, Egypt;
2Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Misr-Aswan Road, Egypt;
*e-mail: maggiemaher24@gmail.com
Received: 01 June 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020
Ischemia and reperfusion are natural steps during kidney transplantation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury is a critical condition in which physicians must preserve organ function and control cell damage. As leptin is thought to play an important role in the regulation of the immune system and inflammation and curcumin is a potent anti-fibrotic agent, both agents are promising to have therapeutic impact on renal damage. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of leptin and curcumin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: control; ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), leptin-treated (leptin was injected intraperitoneally at a dose 100 μg/kg for 3 days prior to ischemia) and curcumin-treated (curcumin was given orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 days before ischemia). All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after reperfusion. Serum urea and creatinine, renal malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Renal TNF-α was assayed by ELISA and P65 and Bax mRNA expression were determined using RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated a significant increase in P65 and Bax mRNA expression after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury compared to control group. Both leptin and curcumin prevented oxidative damage of the renal tissues as they lowered MDA and nitric oxide levels, increased antioxidant capacity and decreased TNF-α level. It was shown that protective leptin and curcumin effect against kidney IR-induced oxidative injury was associated with a down-regulation of P65 and Bax expression. These results show that ischemia-reperfusion leads to renal damage and also they reveal that both leptin and curcumin have protective implications which may be promising agents for avoiding various adverse effects.
Stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue as an alternative source of cellular material for regenerative medicine
A. S. Sultanova, O. Ya. Bespalova, O. Yu. Galkin
National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”;
e-mail: tmb@kpi.ua
Received: 06 August 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020
Adipose tissue is the most convenient source of cellular material for regenerative medicine as it can be obtained in significant quantities via cosmetic liposuction, lipoaspiration of subcutaneous fat or by excision of fat deposits. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes and cells, which are the part of the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF). Different cell populations can be isolated from SVF, among which the population of adipose tissue stem cells (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSC) is especially important for regenerative medicine. SVF can be obtained relatively easily from adipose tissue (adipose tissue is an alternative to bone marrow in terms of being a source of stem cells) and used to treat various pathologies. Recent studies show that SVF not only has a therapeutic effect similar to that of ADSC, but in some cases is even more effective. The article provides the analysis of the main methods of SVF obtainment, characteristics of SVF cellular composition, its potential for use in clinical medicine and its main advantages over other sources of cellular material, including ADSC cultured in vitro, for regenerative medicine.
Protein intake and loss of proteostasis in the eldery
A. N. Kirana1, E. Prafiantini1, N. S. Hardiany2,3*
1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia;
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia;
3Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia;
*e-mail: novi.silvia@ui.ac.id
Received: 29 June 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020
Ageing is a process of declining bodily function and a major risk factor of chronic diseases. The declining bodily function in ageing can cause loss of proteostasis (protein homeostasis), which is a balance between protein synthesis, folding, modification and degradation. For the elderly, adequate protein intake is necessary to prevent sarcopenia, frailty, fracture and osteoporosis as well as reduced resistance to infection. However, increasing the protein intake can enhance the risk of oxidized protein formation, loss of proteostasis and degenerative disorder occurrence. On the other hand, several studies show that protein restriction would increase longevity. The aim of this review was to explain the importance of determining the right amount and composition of protein intake for the elderly. Oxidative stress and molecular mechanism of proteostasis loss in ageing cells as well as its suppression pathway by protein restriction are discussed in this review.
A vicious circle between oxidative stress and cytokine storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome pathogenesis at COVID-19 infection
G. H. Meftahi1, Z. Bahari1,2, Z. Jangravi3,4*, M. Iman3,5
1Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
2Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
3Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
4Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
5Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;
*e-mail: jangraviz89@gmail.com
Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020
In early December 2019, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Since then, it has propagated rapidly and turned into a major global crisis due to the high virus spreading. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is considered as a defining cause of the death cases. Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are the main players of ARDS development during respiratory virus infections. In this review, we discussed molecular mechanisms of a fatal vicious circle between oxidative stress and cytokine storm during COVID-19 infection. We also described how aging can inflame the vicious circle.
Coronavirus viroporins: structure and function
I. Zaloilo1, Y. Rud2, О. Zaloilo2, L. Buchatskyi2
1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv;
2ESC Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine;
e-mail: iridolpb@gmail.com
Received: 08 July 2020; Accepted: 17 December 2020
Viroporins are involved in viral pathogenesis, play an important role in the morphogenesis of virions and ensure their release from the infected cell. These proteins are potentially promising as possible targets for the regulation of virus reproduction. The literature data on the current understanding of coronavirus viroporins functioning are summarized in the review. Special attention is focused on specific structural features that determine the functional ability of these proteins. The basic principles of viroporins localization in the cell and their influence on the coronavirus life cycle are considered.
The discovery of the DNA double helix, or the revolution that ushered in the era of molecular biology (Nobel Prize 1962)
O. P. Matyshevska*, V. M. Danilova, S. V. Komisarenko
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiyv;
*e-mail: matysh@yahoo.com
Received: 19 June 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020
The 1950s were marked by groundbreaking discoveries in the research of the molecular structure of DNA. The chronology of awarding Nobel Prizes to the authors of these discoveries, did not always coincide with the chronology of announcing the results of their research. J. Watson and F. Crick published their short paper on the discovery of DNA structure, which rocked the scientific world, in Nature in 1953, but received the Nobel Prize together with M. Wilkins only 9 years later. The discovery of the DNA chemical structure is recognized as one of the greatest biological discoveries of the twentieth century. This landmark scientific breakthrough began the development of a new field of the life sciences: molecular biology.
Interleukin-8 level in the blood of rats with experimental osteoarthritis and hypothyroidism
D. S. Nosivets
SI “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”;
e-mail: dsnosivets@ukr.net
Received: 9 May 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020
In the study, the level of interleukin-8 in the blood serum of rats with experimental model of osteoarthritis and hypothyroidism under the influence of NSAID s and paracetamol was estimated. The experiments were performed on 75 white nonlinear rats of both sexes. Experimental osteoarthritis was induced by single intra-articular administration of 0.1 ml of monoiodoacetic acid solution into the knee joint. Experimental hypothyroidism was reconstructed by enteral administration of 0.02% carbimazole solution, given with a drinking ration for 6 weeks. On the 42nd day of the experiment, the animals were divided into 14 groups and drug administration began daily for 5 days. The serum level of interleukin-8 was estimated on 42 and 47 days of the experiment by specific ELISA kits. A significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) of the elevated cytokine level under the influence of pharmacotherapy was revealed. According to the degree of influence on degenerative-dystrophic process in the knee joint, the investigated drugs can be arranged as follows: diclofenac sodium > ibuprofen > nimesulide = meloxicam > celecoxib > paracetamol. The results obtained showed that the level of interleukin-8 could be used as an indicator of non-steroidal drugs and paracetamol anti-inflammatory activity under experimental osteoarthritis and hypothyroidism.
Research on diet features of patients with hypothyroidism
O. Oliynyk
Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Poland;
e-mail: Alexanderoliynyk8@gmail.com
Received: 17 April 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020
Studies on the relationship between dietary features and hypothyroidism pathogenesis are highly relevant. The aim of this research was to study the dietary features of patients with hypothyroidism and to determine the possible impact of patients’ food preferences on the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism. We examined 400 women of Polish nationality aged 19-28 years living in the district of Biała Podlaski of the Lublin Voivodeship of Poland who consider themselves healthy. Blood levels of free (FT3) and total (T3) triiodothyronine, free (FT4) and total (T4) thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the examined women’s diet was determined using questionnaires and nutritional tables. It was revealed, that the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the female subjects was 3.5%. Women with reduced thyroid function were shown to consume 3.78 times less iodine, 2.97 times (P < 0.001) less sodium chloride (table salt), and 1.47 times (P < 0.001) less proteins than those who had normal thyroid function. In addition, women with hypothyroidism consume 2.25 times (P < 0.001) more strumogenic. It is concluded that the use of such the diet could cause a secondary reduction in thyroid function with further development of the hypothyroidism.